CAD- computer assistance in design, in other words, a drawing program.
CAM- computer assistance in production.
CAE- computer assistance in engineering calculations.
GIS- geographic information system.
An article by Sergei Kotov from Tomsk Polytechnic University provided great assistance in preparing this material. "Review of the CAD market and Internet information resources" provided by himself.

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First, some statistics:

Distribution of influence of development companies on the CAD market

Distribution of influence of market participants for automated production preparation systems

T-FLEX CAD

The parametric design and drawing system T-FLEX CAD is a development of the Russian company Top Systems. The system has the following main capabilities: parametric design and modeling; design of assemblies and execution of assembly drawings; a full set of functions for creating and editing drawings; spatial modeling based on ACIS technology; parametric three-dimensional solid modeling; drawing management; preparation of data for CNC systems; imitation of structure movement.
The T-FLEX CAD system was included in the 1997 review of the best CAD systems.
Developer - Top-Systems, Moscow
http://www.tflex.com
http://www.topsystems.ru
- page about Tflex on my website.

bCAD

bCAD- a software project aimed at developing new 3D graphics and CAD technologies, as well as programs for 2D sketching and precision drawing, 3D modeling and photorealistic toning, a 3D modeling and visualization software system for PC. bCAD is designed and developed to be universal workplace designer, allowing a wide range of work to be carried out in an end-to-end mode - from a drawing to a three-dimensional model and vice versa - from a three-dimensional representation to flat projections: for execution technical documentation, meeting the requirements of standards, to obtain realistic images, prepare data for calculation systems. Combines CAD, 3D modeling and photorealistic visualization.
Developer - ProPro Group, Novosibirsk.
http://www.propro.ru

COMPASS

One of the leading Russian products. A CAD system designed for a wide range of design and engineering work, easy to learn, convenient to use, and at the same time having a cost acceptable for complex equipment of Russian enterprises, including medium and small ones. Allows for two-dimensional design and construction, rapid preparation and release of various drawing and design documentation, creation of technical text and graphic documents.
Developer - Askon, Russia.
http://www.asson.ru/

CADMECH

CADMECH- a system for designing parts and assembly units based on AutoCAD.
CADMECH Desktop- a three-dimensional design system for parts and assembly units based on Mechanical Desktop.
Developer - NPO "Intermech", Minsk.
http://www.intermech.host.ru

CADRA

Two-dimensional design and drawing system for mechanical engineering.
Developer - SofTECH, Inc., USA.
http://www.softech.com

CADkey

3D graphics package for design, solid, surface and wireframe modeling, visualization and documentation of simple and complex parts and assembly units. 250,000 installations in different countries.

Developer - Baystate Technologies, USA.
http://www.cadkey.com
http://www.cadkey.de
http://www.cadkey.lv/ http://www.colla.lv

DesignCAD Pro

A 2D and 3D design and modeling system for professional designers and designers.
Developer - ViaGrafix, USA.
http://www.viagrafix.com

IronCAD

Computer-aided design system for mechanical engineering. Provides 2D design and 3D solid modeling.

Developer - Visionary Design Systems, Inc., USA.
http://www.ironcad.com

BlueCAD

BlueCAD is a 2D/3D CAD system for working on personal computers.
Developer - CADWare, Italy.
http://www.cadware.it

Surface Express

Surface modeling system.
Developer - MCS, Inc., USA.
http://www.mcsaz.com

RhinoCeros

A common NURBS modeling system.
Developer - Robert McNeel & Associates, USA.
http://www.rhino3d.com

CADdy

In terms of functionality, the CADdy system occupies an intermediate position between low- and high-level systems. Designed to address complex integrated technologies from the design stage to the production stage in areas such as:
- architecture;
- design of industrial installations;
- mechanical engineering;
- electronics;
- building equipment (heating, ventilation, plumbing, electrical engineering);
- engineering networks and roads;
- geodesy, cartography.

Developed by ZIEGLER-Informatics GmbH, Germany.
http://www.caddy.de
http://www.plaza.ch
http://www.caddy.ru

OmniCAD

System of two-dimensional design, drawing and three-dimensional surface modeling.

SolidWorks

A powerful mechanical engineering CAD package for solid parametric modeling of complex parts and assemblies. A mid-class design system based on the Parasolid parametric geometric core. Created specifically for use on personal computers running operating systems Windows systems 95 and Windows NT.
Developer - SolidWorks Corporation, USA.
http://www.solidworks.com
http://www.uscad.com
http://www.delcam.ru,
http://www.ascon.ru,
http://www.intersed.kiev.ua/,
www.delcam-ural.ru,
http://www.colla.lv,
http://www.solidworks.lv/

SolidEdge

SolidEdge is fundamentally new system automated design, which is intended for the development of assembly units and geometric modeling of individual parts. Solid Edge is designed specifically for the design of mechanical engineering products. Is a mid-range system that provides efficient object-oriented parametric modeling in Windows environment. Based on the Parasolid geometric modeling core.
Developer - Unigraphics Solutions, USA.

Cimatron

Cimatron is an integrated CAD/CAM system that provides a full set of tools for product design, development of drawing and design documentation, engineering analysis, and creation of control programs for CNC machines. Cimatron satisfies the needs and requirements of a wide range of users and works on various platforms, including personal computers. The system's users around the world are about 6,000 companies.
Developer - Cimatron Ltd., Israel.

VISI - Series

Developed CAD/CAM system. Provides two-dimensional design and drawing, three-dimensional surface and solid modeling, generation of programs for CNC machines, visualization of part processing.
Developer - Vero International, Inc., USA.
http://www.veroint.com
http://www.verosoftware.com

HELIX

HELIX Design System is a developed CAD system for two-dimensional and three-dimensional design in mechanical engineering, design and other industries. Allows for two-dimensional design, three-dimensional wireframe, surface and solid modeling.
Developer - MicroCADAM Ltd., UK.
http://www.microcadam.co.uk

Form-Z

A 2D design and drafting system, 3D surface and solid modeling, visualization and animation for professional design, visualization and engineering.
Developer - Autodessys, Inc., USA.

Alias¦Wavefront

Common software products for 2D and 3D sketching and drawing, 3D surface and solid modeling, visualization and animation, for professional design and engineering.
Developed by Alias¦Wavefront, Canada.
http://www.aw.sgi.com
http://aliaswavwfront.com

CoCreate

Product series for design and project data management: ME10- design and drawing; SolidDesigner- solid modeling and project data management.
Developer - CoCreate Software, Inc., Germany.
http://www.cocreate.com

VX VISION

Mid-level CAD/CAM/CAE system.
Developer - Varimetrix Corp., Ltd., USA.
http://www.vx.com

CADMAX

CADMAX SolidMaster- computer-aided design system providing two-dimensional design, three-dimensional surface and solid modeling.
Developer - CADMAX Corp., USA.

BRAVO

A family of products for design, preparation of design documentation, production preparation and project management in mechanical engineering. Products: Bravo XL, Bravo Sheet Metal Fabricator, Bravo NCG, Bravo Frame.
Developer - Applicon, Inc., USA.
http://www.applicon.com

MicroStation

MicroStation is a professional, high-performance system for 2D/3D computer-aided design for work related to drawing, design, visualization, analysis, database management and modeling. Provides virtually unlimited possibilities for designers and constructors on DOS, Windows and computer platforms various types.
MicroStation 95- a system of collective work that gives all group members a guarantee of mutual agreement, regardless of the hardware development of the platforms.
Developer - Bentley, USA.

Genius

Genius products are software for designing in mechanical engineering and creating drawings using AutoCAD.

Genius Desktop- Object-oriented system for three-dimensional design of mechanical engineering parts and assemblies based on Mechanical Desktop. The package offers additional convenient tools for applying standard structural elements, filling the structure with standard products in the form of solid models and greatly facilitates the designer’s work when managing assembly components. It has libraries of standard parts in the form of ready-made parametric parts according to a number of standards.
Genius 14 is a product that provides high-performance 2D computer-aided design and drafting in the field of mechanical engineering in the AutoCAD R14 environment.
Genius LT 97- a two-dimensional computer-aided design system designed for creating and designing mechanical engineering drawings and design documentation based on AutoCAD LT 97. Genius LT 97 includes standard components, an automated user interface, as well as a number of functionalities that increase productivity in the AutoCAD LT 97 environment.

Developer - Genius CAD-Software GmbH, Germany.

Power Solutions

The Power Solutions product family covers all stages of the production cycle:
- PowerShape- Three-dimensional modeling system.
- PowerMILL- Powerful and easy-to-use autonomous system for automatic preparation of control programs for 3/4 coordinate milling on any CNC machine of products designed in any CAD system.
- CopyCAD- a system for converting data obtained from a coordinate measuring machine into a computer surface model.
- PowerINSERT- package for accuracy control using 3-coordinate measuring machines.
- ArtCAM Pro- a package for creating a volumetric relief based on a flat pattern and creating control programs for its machining.
- DUCT 5- CAD/CAM - a system that allows for modeling, drawing and preparation of control programs for CNC machines.

Developer - DELCAM Plc., UK.

hyperMILL

A package that allows you to implement the final technological link in end-to-end CAD/CAM/CAE technology - preparation of control programs for CNC machines and manufacturing of products.
Developer - Open Mind Software Technologies GmbH, Germany.
http://www.openmind.de
http://www.acad.co.uk
http://www.autodesk.com

EdgeCAM

CAM - system. Solutions for milling, surfacing, turning and electrical discharge machining of parts.
Developer - Pathtrace, UK.
http://www.pathtrace.com

ESPRIT

CAD/CAM is a system based on the Parasolid core.
Developer - DP Technology, USA.
http://www.dptechnology.com

SolidCAM

A package for generating control programs for CNC machines when processing parts containing complex surface or solid geometry. Provides 2.5 and 3-axis milling, turning, visualization of the processing process.
Developer - CADTECH, Israel.

MasterCAM

CAD/CAM is a system that occupies a leading position in the world in terms of the number of sales and installations of the package among CAD/CAM systems. Provides wireframe and surface modeling of parts, visualization and documentation of simple and complex parts and assembly units, development of control programs for turning, milling, electrical discharge machining on CNC machines.
Developer - CNC Software, USA.

PEPS

CAM - system, automated preparation of milling, turning, laser, electrical discharge machining of parts.
Developer - Camtek Ltd., UK.
http://www.camtek.co.uk

OCTOPUS

Process design system.
Developer - Sprut-Technology JSC, Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia.
http://www.sprut.ru

EUCLID3

CAD high level EUCLID, covering all design phases, was developed by MATRA DATAVISION, a company with a turnover of more than 10 billion US dollars. The company develops, sells and supports CAD/CAM/CAE/PDM software and software environments for creating applications. The company's main products have the following trademarks: EUCLID, PRELUDE, CAS.CADE. They are intended for areas such as aviation, space, automotive, defense, electromechanics, industrial design, nuclear engineering, engineering, consumer goods manufacturing, etc.
Developer - MATRA DATAVISION, France. In connection with the entry of MATRA Datavision into the EADS consortium (of which the owner of MATRA Datavision, Jean-Luc Lagardère, has a controlling stake), the company became known as EADS MATRA Datavision

CATIA

CATIA/CADAM Solutions- this is a fully integrated, universal, high-level CAD/CAM/CAE system that allows for parallel implementation of the design and production cycle CATIA, being a universal computer-aided design, testing and manufacturing system, is widely used at large engineering enterprises around the world for computer-aided design, production preparation, reengineering. The number of companies using CATIA exceeds 8 thousand.

Features Supported CATIA/CADAM Solutions:
- administration - planning, resource management, inspection and documentation of the project;
- the most advanced modeling;
- description of all mechanical connections between the components of the object and bringing them into a state of spatial mutual positioning;
- automatic analysis of geometric and logical conflicts
- analysis of the properties of complex assemblies;
- developed tools for tracing communication systems in compliance with specified restrictions;
- specialized applications for technological preparation of production.

DASSAULT SYSTEMES (France) and IBM (USA) are joint developers and distributors of computer-aided design systems. Over the past three years, two CATIAs have coexisted in parallel: versions 4 and 5, with version 4 only on workstations and on the DASSAULT SYSTEMES core, and version 5 for PCs on the CASCADE core developed by MATRA (http://www.opencascade.com ).

Unigraphics

Unigraphics system is a high-level CAD/CAM/CAE system. Unigraphics allows for completely virtual design of products, machining of parts of complex shapes, has a fully associative master model database, Unigraphics Solutions, one of the world's fastest growing computer-aided design, manufacturing and project management systems companies, develops, markets and technical support software for automation of design, production, engineering analysis and project management for all areas of industry, including automotive, aerospace, machine tools, consumer goods, etc.
Unigraphics Solutions, Inc. Product Series: Unigraphics Solutions, Parasolid, Solid Edge, Unigraphics, IMAN, ProductVision, GRIP.
Developer - Unigraphics Solutions, Inc., USA.

MSC/InCheck

3D QuickFill

A program that allows you to analyze casting using a three-dimensional solid-state model at the early stages of product design. Provides the designer with the opportunity to observe the process of filling the injection mold, providing results for the following parameters: mold filling time; cooling time flew; temperature distribution; the presence of "shells"; weight of the finished product.
Developer - Advanced CAE Technologies, Inc., USA.

DEFCAR

CAD/CAM system for design and production preparation in shipbuilding.
Developer - Defcar Ingenieros, S.L., Spain.
http://www.defcar.es
http://www.defcar.com

VUTRAX

Vutrax PCB CAD- computer-aided design system for electronic circuits and printed circuit boards.
Developer - Computamation Systems Limited, UK.
http://www.vutrax.co.uk

Protel

Protel PCB CAD- developed system of computer-aided design of electronic circuits and printed circuit boards.
Developer - Protel Technology Inc., USA.
http://www.protel.com

UNICAM

UNICAM- a system for computer-aided design and manufacturing of electronic circuits and printed circuit boards.
Developer - Unicam Software, Inc., USA.
http://www.unicam.com

CAD STAR

Developed automation system for the design and manufacture of electronic circuits and printed circuit boards.
Developer - Zuken-Redag Group, Ltd., UK.
http://www.redac.co.uk

SoftCAD

CAD for two-dimensional and three-dimensional design in architecture and construction. Product Series: ArchiTECH.PC, SoftCAD.3D, SoftCAD.2D.
Developer - SoftCAD International, USA.
http://www.softcad.com

Design WorkShop

A system of photorealistic three-dimensional modeling and design in architecture.
Developer - Artifice, Inc., USA.
http://www.artifice.com

REBIS

A series of products for automated 2D/3D design of industrial enterprises.
Developer - Rebis, Inc., USA.
http://www.rebis.com

CADVANCE

Professional CAD system for architects, engineers, designers in construction and architecture.
Developer - Fit, Inc., USA.
http://www.cadvance.com

Planit

Automated 2D and 3D design system for professional designers.
Developer - Planit Millenium, USA.
http://www.planit.com

LS-DYNA

Developer LSTC (Livermore Software Technology Corp.), a commercial division of the world famous nuclear center LLNL (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory http://www.llnl.gov), USA. Developed since 1976 A universal computational software package focused on the numerical modeling of highly nonlinear and fast processes in thermomechanical problems in the mechanics of deformable and fluid bodies. Among civil applications are crash tests, metal forming, general problems of dynamic strength, destruction, interaction of deformable structures with liquids and gases, etc.
http://www.lsdyna.com
http://www.feainformation.com/ - News and many links to problem-oriented sites on package applications
http://www.cadfem.ru/ - Website of the general distributor of LS-DYNA in the CIS

STAR-CD

Developer CD-adapco group, Great Britain. Developed since 1987 A multi-purpose, heavy-duty fluid mechanics (CFD) package designed for industrial applications of any complexity.
http://www.cd.co.uk
http://www.adapco-online.com - A selection of materials from user conferences, useful tips
http://www.cfd-online.com/Forum/starcd.cgi - Forum on practical aspects of using the package
http://www.cadfem.ru/ - Website of the general distributor of STAR-CD in the CIS

AutoSEA

Developer VASCi (Vibro Acoustic Sciences), USA. Heavy computational package for vibroacoustic analysis in the mid and high frequencies.
http://www.vasci.com
http://www.cadfem.ru/ - Website of the general distributor of AutoSEA in the CIS

LVMFlow

a professional CAM system for computer 3D modeling of foundry processes that allows you to automate the workplace of a foundry technologist and reduce the time and money spent on preparing new products.
http://www.cadinfo.net/.

For electronic CAD systems, we can recommend the following page: http://www.rodnik.ru/htmls/f_main.htm. You can also download documentation for these CAD systems here.

CAE(eng. Computer-aided engineering) is a general name for programs and software packages designed to solve various engineering problems: calculations, analysis and simulation of physical processes. The calculation part of the packages is most often based on numerical methods for solving differential equations (finite element method, finite volume method, finite difference method, etc.).

Modern engineering analysis systems (or automation engineering calculation systems) (CAE) are used in conjunction with CAD systems (often integrated into them, in which case hybrid CAD/CAE systems are obtained).

Numerical methods

CAE systems can use the following mathematical methods in their work:

Finite element method(FEM, Finite element analysis, FE analysis) - a numerical method for solving partial differential equations, as well as integral equations that arise when solving problems of applied physics. The method is widely used to solve problems in solid mechanics, heat transfer, hydrodynamics and electrodynamics.
Finite difference method- a numerical method for solving differential equations based on replacing derivatives with difference schemes. It is a grid method.
Finite volume method(Control volume method) - a numerical method for integrating systems of partial differential equations.

CAE Examples

ABAQUS - universal FE analysis system with built-in pre-/post-processor;
ADAMS - multibody dynamics modeling and calculation system;
ANSYS - universal FE analysis system with built-in pre-/post-processor;
APM WinMachine 2010 - a domestic universal system for design and calculations in the field of mechanical engineering, including FE analysis with a built-in pre-/post-processor;
APM Civil Engineering 2010 - a domestic universal FE analysis system with a built-in pre-/post-processor for the design and calculation of metal, reinforced concrete, reinforced masonry and wooden structures;
Autodesk Simulation is a complex of universal FE analysis systems with built-in pre-/post-processors (the complex includes Autodesk Simulation CFD - a computational fluid dynamics program, Autodesk Simulation Mechanical - a program for mechanical and thermal analysis of products and structures, Autodesk Simulation MoldFlow - a program for modeling the process of molding plastic products under pressure);
ESAComp is a software system for finite element calculations of thin-walled multilayer plates and shells;
EULER (Euler) - software package for automated dynamic analysis of multi-component mechanical systems;
FEM-models is a software package for modeling and analysis using the finite element method. The program specializes in geotechnical calculations, joint calculations of building-foundation systems;
Femap is a CAD-independent pre- and post-processor for performing engineering analysis using the finite element method;
ASONIKA - Automated system ensuring the reliability and quality of equipment (a set of subsystems for modeling radio-electronic equipment using FEM and MKR methods);
CAE Fidesys - universal FE analysis system with built-in pre-/post-processor;
HyperWorks (HyperMesh, RADIOSS, OptiStruct, AcuSolve, etc.) - a universal software platform for finite element analysis systems;
Moldex3D - software system for finite element modeling of reinforced plastic injection molding;
MSC.Nastran - universal FE analysis system with MSC.Patran pre-/post-processor;
NEiNastran - universal software system for finite element analysis;
NX Nastran - a universal FEA analysis system;
OpenFOAM is a freely distributed universal system for spatial modeling of continuum mechanics;
QForm 2D/3D - specialized software package for modeling and optimization technological processes volumetric stamping;
SALOME - platform for carrying out MSS calculations (data preparation - calculation monitoring - visualization and analysis of results);
SolidWorks Simulation - a family of calculation packages in the SolidWorks environment (strength, dynamics, heat, frequency analysis, gas-hydrodynamics, etc.);
SAMCEF - universal FE analysis system with pre-post processor SAMCEF Field;
Simmakers CAE Platform is a software platform for performing numerical simulation of physical and technological processes with a built-in pre-/post-processor.
SimulationX is a software package for modeling and analyzing the dynamics and kinematics of vehicles, industrial equipment, electric, pneumatic and hydraulic drives, internal combustion engines, hybrid engines, etc.
STAR-CD - universal MKO analysis system with pre-/post-processor;
STAR-CCM+ - universal MKO analysis system with pre-/post-processor;
T-FLEX Analysis - a universal FE analysis system with a built-in pre-/post-processor;
CAElinux is a distribution of the Linux operating system that includes a number of free CAE programs, including OpenFOAM and SALOME.
Universal Mechanism (UM) - a software package designed for modeling the dynamics and kinematics of plane and spatial mechanical systems;
FRUND - complex for modeling the dynamics of systems of solid and elastic bodies;
MBDyn is a system for complex analysis and calculations of nonlinear dynamics of solid and elastic bodies, physical systems, smart materials, electrical networks, active control, hydraulic networks, aerodynamics of airplanes and helicopters. * Distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL 2.1 license;

Categories of tasks for which CAE (computer aided engineering) systems are most often used. Architecture and operating principle of a standard CAE package, main examples of systems: Salome, ANSYS (Swanson Analysis Systems) and MSC.Nastran, their characteristics.

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Introduction

The emergence and subsequent development of high-performance computing technologies was caused by the need to perform mathematical calculations for various studies. Despite the fact that the methods and algorithms for these calculations are not particularly complex, the volume of the calculations themselves is so significant that it is almost impossible for a small group of researchers to complete them in an acceptable time frame and with the proper quality.

The first engineering packages were created in the late 60s and early 70s specifically to automate routine calculations. In English-language literature, such packages are designated by the abbreviation CAE (computer aided engineering), and in Russia this concept is part of CAD (computer aided design systems). The tasks for which CAE systems are most often used can be divided into the following categories:

· strength calculations of various parts and assemblies (calculation of elastoplastic deformations and stresses);

· hydrodynamic calculations (calculation of the characteristics of various single- and multiphase flows, as well as their evolution over time);

· thermodynamic calculations (calculation of heating and cooling of parts and assemblies);

· calculation of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields;

· various combinations of previous types of tasks.

architecture system principle operation

1. Architecture and operating principle of a standard CAE package

Most CAE packages are based on the finite element method. The idea of this method is to replace a continuous function describing the phenomenon or process under study with a discrete model, which is built on the basis of a set of piecewise continuous functions defined on a finite number of subdomains. Each such subregion is finite and represents a part (element) of the entire region, which is why they are called finite elements. The geometric region under study is divided into elements in such a way that on each of them the unknown function is approximated by a test function. This partition is called computational grid.

As an example, consider a cylindrical steel rod, one end of which is placed in a fire. The fragment of the rod exposed to the flame actively heats up. That is, a heat source acts on its cylindrical surface. The rest of the rod is heated only due to the phenomenon of thermal conductivity - the transfer of heat from hot areas to colder ones. In the roughest case, the rod can be divided into two parts: with a heat source on the cylindrical surface and with a heat source in the section of the cylinder parallel to the base. Thus, one complex (complex) task is divided into two simpler ones.

However, the resulting problems are still too complex to be solved in a general form, since their solutions represent complex exponential dependencies on coordinates and time. To simplify, you can divide the rod into smaller fragments (elements), and in the elements near the surface, set the heat release throughout their entire volume, and not just at the boundary (if certain conditions are met, this is justified), and in the remaining elements, due to their smallness, look for an approximate solution in the form of a simpler relationship (linear or quadratic). In this case, a complex system of differential equations for an element is reduced to a simpler system of algebraic equations. With this approach, finding a solution for each individual problem will be much easier.

The complexity of this approach lies in the need to solve large quantity such simplified problems. Modern problems use grids with tens and hundreds of millions of elements. Therefore, engineering packages are created using parallel programming technologies to provide the necessary computing power.

Creating a good computational mesh is also a non-trivial task. This is due to the fact that real machine parts have complex geometry and it is necessary to divide them into such elements that the approximate solutions do not differ much from the exact ones. Therefore, in addition to the CAE packages themselves, there are a large number of applications that perform only one important function: constructing a computational mesh. In English literature similar applications are called mesher.

The module responsible for solving the system of equations corresponding to the generated mesh is called solver(in English literature: solver). It receives all the input data and processes it based on the methods implemented in it.

Currently, computer modeling using CAE systems makes up a significant portion of the work in any serious scientific or engineering project. There are well-known commercial solutions on the CAE systems market, for example, ANSYS, Deform, Simulia (formerly Abaqus) and others. The cost of licenses for these products amounts to hundreds of thousands and millions of rubles, but there are also CAE systems related to free software.

Among the free CAE packages, the most famous are: Salome, OpenFoam, Elmer. The main disadvantages of these packages include an undeveloped interface and lack of documentation, especially in Russian. However, the possibility of using them on any number of processors without any financial costs for purchase makes free CAE systems very attractive for use in small companies and educational institutions.

2. ExamplesCAE-systems

Salome

Most CAE packages are complete software packages that contain everything that is necessary to perform finite element modeling. Salome is a platform that provides task pre-processing and post-processing functions ( pre-processing And post-processing), i.e. there are definitions of geometry, construction of meshes, definition of the “trajectory” of calculations, visualization of results, etc. It lacks the most important components - solvers, but the Salome platform can be expanded with third-party free or commercial modules.

The main purpose of the Salome platform is to create a kind of unified environment, after studying which the user will be able to process the source and received data in a familiar shell, regardless of the solver used. It is possible to connect ANSYS solvers and other commercial packages to this shell by writing special modules or control scripts that can be written in Python or C++.

The platform's internal language is Python, and the platform itself has a built-in Python console that can be used to run custom scripts and automate the processing of many common tasks (batch processing).

ANSYS

Finite element package. ANSYS, Inc. for 35 years it has been one of the leaders of the http://www.ansys.ru/s SAE market, developing and offering a wide range of software products for automated engineering analysis. Founded by Mr. John Swanson, the company was originally called Swanson Analysis Systems, and offered only the ANSYS universal finite element package. Later, the program gave its name to the company itself. Today, the company is the leader in the settlement systems market both in terms of sales volume and the number of workstations of its software used around the world, and the breadth of the line and applicability of software products: ANSYS, AutoDYN, CFX, Fluent, ICEM, Maxwell. This is just a short list.

The ANSYS product line is wide and covers all the needs of the designer at all stages of his work, starting with the construction or modification of the geometric and mesh model, then moving on to the effective solution of the problem, and ending with the processing, presentation and documentation of the results. ANSYS SOLVES is a tool for solving problems of strength, thermophysics, and electromagnetism.

MSC.Nastran

general characteristics. MSC.Software's flagship product, MSC.Nastran, is the best finite element software system on the market. In an industry where unreliable results can result in millions of dollars in additional development costs, MSC.Nastran has proven its accuracy and efficiency for over 30 years. Constantly developing, it accumulates the advantages of the latest techniques and algorithms and therefore remains the leading finite element analysis program.

MSC.Nastran provides a complete set of calculations, including the calculation of stress-strain states, natural frequencies and mode shapes, stability analysis, solving heat transfer problems, the study of steady and unsteady processes, acoustic phenomena, nonlinear static processes, nonlinear dynamic transient processes, calculation of critical frequencies and vibrations of rotary machines, analysis of frequency characteristics under the influence of random loads, spectral analysis and study of aeroelasticity. It is possible to simulate almost all types of materials, including composite and hyperelastic. Advanced features include superelement (substructure) technology, modal synthesis, and the DMAP macro language for creating custom applications.

Along with structural calculations, MSC.Nastran can also be used to optimize projects. Optimization can be carried out for problems of statics, stability, steady and unsteady dynamic transients, natural frequencies and mode shapes, acoustics and aeroelasticity. And all this is done simultaneously by varying the parameters of the shape, size and properties of the project. Due to their efficiency, optimization algorithms handle an unlimited number of design parameters and constraints. Weight, stresses, displacements, natural frequencies and many other characteristics can be considered either as objective functions of the design (in which case they can be minimized or maximized) or as constraints. Sensitivity analysis algorithms allow you to study the influence of various parameters on the behavior of the objective function and manage the process of finding the optimal solution.

The extensive capabilities of the MSC.Nastran optimization function allow it to be used for automatic identification of a computer calculation model and experiment. The objective function is determined in the form of minimizing the discrepancy between the results of calculation and experiment; the least reliable design parameters of the structure are selected by varying parameters. As a result of optimization, MSC.Nastran produces a new computer model, fully consistent with the experimental model. MSC.Nastran is the only finite element program that can do this automatically.

MSC.Nastran also includes a unique design optimization feature with unlimited geometric changes (changing the geometric topology of an object) while minimizing weight and satisfying strength boundary conditions. This function allows you to use MSC.Nastran for the automatic design of power circuits of structures, when, based on a volumetric solid workpiece, MSC.Nastran automatically creates an openwork optimal design that best satisfies the specified conditions.

MSC.Nastran is also used for planning experiments (determining sensor locations) and assessing the completeness of the obtained experimental data.

With the help of MSC.Nastran, the problems of modeling control systems and thermal control systems are also solved, taking into account their impact on the structure.

Based on the automatic restart capabilities in MSC.Nastran, complex multi-step studies of the structure’s operation are carried out both when loading conditions, boundary conditions and any other design parameters change, and when moving from one type of analysis to another.

MSC.Nastran is based on proven element technology and reliable numerical methods. The program allows you to simultaneously use h- and p-elements in the same model to achieve calculation accuracy with minimal computer resources. Super high-order elements of approximation - p-elements - well reflect the curvilinear geometry of the structure and provide high accuracy in detailed stress calculations. These elements automatically adapt to the desired level of accuracy. Sparse matrix numerical methods, used in any type of calculation, dramatically increase the speed of calculations and minimize the amount of disk memory required, which increases the efficiency of data processing.

The close connection of MSC.Nastran with MSC.Patran provides a fully integrated environment for modeling and analysis of results. All leading manufacturers of pre- and post-processors, as well as computer-aided design systems, taking into account the undeniable leadership of MSC.Nastran in the market of finite element software products, provide direct interfaces with this system. As a result, MSC.Nastran can be flexibly integrated into any design environment you have.

MSC.Nastran runs on personal computers, workstations and supercomputers, and provides vector and parallel data processing capabilities on computers that support these functions.

MSC.Nastran is:

Efficiency in solving large problems due to:

Application of the algorithm for processing "sparse" matrices

Automatic internal renumbering of matrices to reduce tape width

· Possibility of using “restart” in order to use the results already obtained at that moment

Application of parallel and vector computing algorithms

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Parameter name	Meaning
Article topic:	Lecture 18. CAE systems
Rubric (thematic category)	Electronics