For long-term storage. Long-term storage devices

electronic number processing device;
a device for storing information of any kind;
multifunctional electronic device for working with information;
processing device analog signals.
2. Computer performance (speed of operations) depends on:
monitor screen size;
processor clock speed;
supply voltage;
speed of pressing the keys;
volume of information processed.
3. Clock frequency processor is:
the number of binary operations performed by the processor per unit of time;
the number of cycles performed by the processor per unit of time;
the number of possible processor accesses to RAM per unit of time;
speed of information exchange between the processor and I/O device;
speed of information exchange between the processor and ROM.
4. A mouse is a device:
entering information;
modulation and demodulation;
reading information;
to connect the printer to your computer.
5. The permanent storage device is used for:
storing the user program during operation;
records of particularly valuable application programs;
storing constantly used programs;
storing computer boot programs and testing its nodes;
permanent storage of particularly valuable documents.
6. For long-term storage of information the following is used:
RAM;
CPU;
magnetic disk;
drive.
7. Storing information on external media differs from storing information in RAM:
the fact that information can be stored on external media after the computer is turned off;
volume of information storage;
the ability to protect information;
ways to access stored information.
8. During execution of application programs the following is stored:
in video memory;
in the processor;
in RAM;
in ROM.
9. When the computer is turned off, the information is erased:
from RAM;
from ROM;
on a magnetic disk;
on CD.
10. A floppy drive is a device for:
command processing executable program;
reading/writing data from external media;
storing commands of the executable program;
long-term storage of information.
11. To connect a computer to the telephone network, use:
modem;
plotter;
scanner;
Printer;
monitor.
12. Software control of computer operation involves:
the need to use an operating system for synchronous operation of hardware;
execution by a computer of a series of commands without user intervention;
binary coding data on the computer;
using special formulas to implement commands in a computer.
13. The file is:
an elementary information unit containing a sequence of bytes and having a unique name;
an object characterized by name, value and type;
a set of indexed variables;
a set of facts and rules.
14. The file extension, as a rule, characterizes:
file creation time;
file size;
the space occupied by the file on the disk;
the type of information contained in the file;
file creation location.
15. Full path to the file: c:\books\raskaz.txt. What is the file name?
books\raskaz;.
raskaz.txt;
books\raskaz.txt;
txt.
16. The operating system is -
a set of basic computer devices;
programming system in a low-level language;
software environment that defines the user interface;
a set of programs used for operations with documents;
programs for destruction computer viruses.
17. Programs for pairing computer devices are called:
loaders;
drivers;
translators;
interpreters;
compilers.
18. A system floppy disk is required for:
for emergency loading of the operating system;
file systematization;
storage important files;
treating your computer for viruses.
19. Which device has the highest speed of information exchange:
CD-ROM drive;
HDD;
floppy disk drive;
RAM;
processor registers?

1. Which of the following characteristics relate to RAM and which to external memory? a) Is

volatile.

e) Faster access.

g) Slower access.

2. Which one Memory V bytes will occupy the next binary

3. Volume text 1024 bits located in random access memory, starting from the byte with the number 10 . What will be the address last byte

4. List at least five devices you know external memory.

5. What difference disks CD- ROM, CD- RW And CD- R?

Urgently needed. Very. 1. Which of the following characteristics relate to RAM and which to external memory? A)

It is volatile.

b) Its volume is measured in tens and hundreds of gigabytes.

c) Used for long-term storage of information.

d) Its volume is measured in hundreds of megabytes or several gigabytes.

e) Faster access.

e) Used for temporary storage of information.

g) Slower access.

2. How much memory in bytes will the following binary code occupy: ? Explain your answer.

3. Text with a volume of 1024 bits is located in RAM, starting with byte number 10. What will be the address of the last byte that is occupied by this text?

4. List at least five devices you know of external memory.

5. What is the difference between CD-ROM, CD-RW and CD-R discs?

Homework No. 5 Topic: Computer memory 1. Which of the following characteristics relate to

operational, and which ones - to external memory?

a) It is volatile.

b) Its volume is measured in tens and hundreds of gigabytes.

c) Used for long-term storage of information.

d) Its volume is measured in hundreds of megabytes or several gigabytes.

e) Faster access.

e) Used for temporary storage of information.

g) Slower access.

2. Which one Memory V bytes will occupy the next binary code: ? Explain your answer.

3. Volume text 1024 bits located in random access memory, starting from the byte with the number 10 . What will be the address last byte, which is occupied by this text?

4. List at least five devices you know external memory.

Classification of long-term information storage devices

The most common are magnetic disk drives, which are divided into hard disk drives (HDDs), floppy disk drives (FMDs), and optical disk drives, such as CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW and DVD-ROM.

Detailed characteristics of long-term information storage devices

· Hard magnetic disk drives (HDD)

HDD is the main device for long-term storage of large amounts of data and programs. Other names: hard drive, hard drive, HDD (Hard Disk Drive). Externally, the hard drive is a flat, hermetically sealed box, inside of which there are several round rigid aluminum or glass plates on a common axis. The surface of any disk is covered with a thin ferromagnetic layer (a substance that reacts to an external magnetic field), and the recorded data is actually stored on it. In this case, recording is carried out on both surfaces of each plate (except for the outer ones) using a block of special magnetic heads. Each head is located above the working surface of the disk at a distance of 0.5-0.13 microns. The disk pack rotates continuously and at high speed (4500-10000 rpm), so mechanical contact of heads and disks is unacceptable.

There is a huge amount different models hard drives many companies such as Seagate, Maxtor, Quantum, etc. To ensure compatibility of hard drives, standards have been developed for their characteristics, which determine the range of connecting conductors, their placement in adapter connectors, and the electrical parameters of signals. The most common interface standards are IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) or ATA and the more productive EIDE (Enhanced IDE) and SCSI (Small Computer System Interface). Characteristics of the interfaces through which hard drives are connected to motherboard, largely determine the performance of modern hard drives.

Among other parameters that affect HDD performance, the following should be noted:

  • § disk circulation speed - nowadays EIDE drives are produced with a circulation frequency of 4500-7200 rpm, and SCSI drives - 7500-10000 rpm;
  • § cache memory capacity - all modern disk drives have a cache buffer installed, which speeds up data exchange; the greater its capacity, the higher the likelihood that the cache memory will contain the necessary information that does not need to be read from the disk (this process is thousands of times slower); cache buffer capacity in different devices can vary from 64 KB to 2 MB;
  • § average access time - the time (in milliseconds) during which the head block moves from one cylinder to another. Depends on the design of the head drive and is approximately 10-13 milliseconds;
  • § delay time is the time from the moment the head block is positioned on the desired cylinder to the positioning of a specific head on a specific sector, in other words, this is the time to search for the desired sector;
  • § exchange rate - determines the amount of data that can be transferred from the drive to the microprocessor and in the opposite direction over certain periods of time; maximum value this parameter is equal to bandwidth disk interface and depends on which mode is used: PIO or DMA; in PIO mode, data exchange between the disk and the controller occurs with the direct participation of central processor, the higher the PIO mode number, the higher the exchange speed; working in DMA (Direct Memory Access) mode allows you to transfer data directly to RAM without processor participation; data transfer speed in modern hard drives fluctuates in the range of 30-60 MB/s.
  • · Floppy magnetic disk drives (FMD)

The float drive or disk drive is built into system unit. Flexible media for floppy disk drives are produced in the form of floppy disks (another name for floppy disks). Actually, the carrier is a flat disk with a special, fairly dense film, coated with a ferromagnetic layer and placed in a protective envelope with a movable latch at the top. Floppy disks are used mainly for quickly transferring small amounts of information from one computer to another. Data recorded on a floppy disk can be protected from being erased or overwritten. To do this, you need to move the small protective slide at the bottom of the floppy disk so that an open window is formed. To enable recording, this slider should be moved back and the window closed.

The main parameters of a floppy disk are the technological size (in inches), recording density and total capacity. By size, there are 3.5-inch floppy disks and 5.25-inch floppy disks (no longer used). The recording density can be simple SD (Single Density), double DD (Double Density) and high HD (High Density). The standard capacity of a 3.5-inch floppy disk is 1.44 MB; floppy disks with a capacity of 720 KB can be used. The current standard is 3.5-inch, high-density HD floppy disks with a capacity of 1.44 MB.

CD-ROM drive

Since 1995, the basic configuration of a personal computer began to include a CD-ROM drive instead of 5.25-inch drives. The abbreviation CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory) is translated as a read-only storage device based on compact discs. The operating principle of this device is to read digital data using a laser beam that is reflected from the surface of the disk. A regular CD is used as a storage medium. Digital recording on a CD differs from recording on magnetic disks in its high density, so a standard CD has a capacity of about 650-700 MB. Such large volumes are typical for multimedia information (graphics, music, video), so CD-ROM drives are classified as multimedia hardware. In addition to multimedia publications ( e-books, encyclopedias, music albums, videos, computer games) a variety of large-volume system and application software is distributed on CDs ( OS, office packages, programming systems, etc.) .

CDs are made of transparent plastic with a diameter of 120 mm and a thickness of 1.2 mm. A layer of aluminum or gold is sprayed onto the plastic surface. In mass production conditions, information is recorded on a disk by extruding tracks on the surface in the form of a series of indentations. This approach provides binary recording of information. Recess (pit - pit), surface (land - land). Logical zero can be represented by either a pit or a land. A logical one is encoded by the transition between pit and land. From the center to the edge of the CD there is a single track in the form of a spiral 4 microns wide with a pitch of 1.4 microns. The surface of the disk is divided into three areas. Lead-In is located in the center of the disk and is read first. It records the contents of the disk, a table of addresses of all records, the disk label and other service information. The middle area contains basic information and takes up most of the disk. The Lead-Out area contains the end-of-disk mark.

For stamping, there is a special prototype matrix (master disk) of the future disk, which extrudes tracks on the surface. After stamping, apply to the surface of the disk protective film from transparent varnish.

Main characteristics of CD-ROM:

  • § data transfer rate - measured in multiples of the speed of an audio CD player (150 KB/sec) and characterizes the maximum speed at which the drive transfers data to the computer’s RAM, for example, a 2-speed CD-ROM (2x CD-ROM) will read data at a speed of 300 KB/sec, 50-speed (50x) - 7500 KB/sec;
  • § access time - the time required to search for information on the disk, measured in milliseconds.

The main disadvantage of standard CD-ROMs is the inability to write data, but there are one-time devices CD-R recordings and reusable CD-RW recording.

CD-R drive (CD-RECORDABLE)

Externally similar to CD-ROM drives and compatible with them in disc size and recording formats. Allows one-time recording and an unlimited number of readings. Data recording is carried out using a special software. The recording speed of modern CD-R drives is 4x-8x.

CD-RW drive (CD-REWRITABLE)

They are used for reusable data recording, and you can simply add new information to free space, and completely rewrite the disc new information(previous data is destroyed). As with CD-R drives, in order to burn data, you must install special programs, and the recording format is compatible with regular CD-ROM. The recording speed of modern CD-RW drives is 2x-4x.

DVD drive (DIGITAL VIDEO DISK)

A device for reading digital video recordings. Externally, a DVD disc is similar to a regular CD-ROM (diameter - 120 mm, thickness 1.2 mm), but differs from it in that up to 4.7 GB can be recorded on one side of the DVD disc, and up to 9.4 GB. If a two-layer recording scheme is used, up to 8.5 GB of information can be placed on one side, respectively, on two sides - about 17 GB. DVDs can be rewritten.

· Outlook DVD

The presence of different standards and specifications does not mean that DVD technology stands still. The efforts of various companies today are aimed at introducing “blue laser” technology - with a shorter wavelength. This will increase the recording density on disks with the resulting improvement in other characteristics.

Calimetrics Inc has proposed ML (multilevel) technology, which can triple the capacity of a standard DVD/CD. In this case, there is no need to make any modifications to the mechanism and optics of existing drives. For implementation new technology It is enough to use a chipset developed by this company. The essence of the technology is the ability to use pit depth (up to 8 levels) as an information characteristic when working with disks. Note that a similar technology, but for CD discs, is being developed by TDK in collaboration with other companies.

  • Read-only DVD formats
  • Ш DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile Disc Read Only Memory)

DVD-ROM discs are intended for use in computer technology. Information is written to the disk only once - during its production.

The progress of DVD devices largely follows the path traversed by CDs, and is aimed mainly at improving speed characteristics and introducing a recording function. First-generation DVD-ROM devices used CLV mode and read from the disc at a speed of 1.38 MB/s (in traditional DVD notation this is 1x). Second-generation devices could read DVDs at twice the speed - 2x (2.8 MB/s). Modern DVD-ROMs - third generation devices - use a control rotation mode (CAV) with maximum speed reading 4x-6x (5.5 - 8.3 Mb/s) and more. Modern DVD-ROM drives (disk drives) support reading almost all formats, including CDs.

The DVD-Video format is designed for storing and playing video. Like DVD-ROM, this specification defines the ability to read-only information - playback of recordings using video players (video recorders). The specification is based on the DVD-ROM format, but provides a special way of placing data that prevents the possibility of bit-by-bit copying of discs. Video materials in encoded form are placed on the disk during the production process. Playing DVD-video is only possible on household video players (video recorders) or DVD drives connected to a computer. When using computer equipment, information decoding is carried out either in hardware or software. The modern specification ensures recording of high-quality video on disc (up to 2 hours in MPEG-2 compression format). And also multi-channel audio in 8 languages, choice of screen format, captions in 32 languages, interactive control via on-screen menu, up to 9 angular viewing directions, protection against illegal copying, delimitation of viewing video products by region, control of children’s access to video materials.

A new generation of music format after CD. The format specification defines high-quality multi-channel audio, support for a wide range of audio quality (quantization 16, 20, 24 bits at a frequency of 44.1 to 192 kHz), DVD playback CD players, support additional information(including video, text, menus, screensavers, convenient navigation system), connection with websites providing information support, expanding capabilities when new technologies appear.

There are two versions of the DVD-Audio format: simply DVD-Audio - for audio content only, and DVD-AudioV - for audio with additional information.

Special measures have been developed to protect disks from pirated copying.

  • · DVD formats for multiple recording
  • Ш Multiple write

All known specifications of rewritable DVD discs use multiple recording technology based on the physical principle of changing the phase state (crystalline/amorphous) of the information layer under the influence of a laser with a wavelength of 650 (635) nm (phase-change recording). Reading information is carried out by determining the optical characteristics of the information layer in its various phase states upon reflection of laser beams (the same as during recording).

Ш DVD-RAM (Digital Versatile Disc Random Access Memory)

Rewritable format developed by Panasonic, Hitachi, Toshiba.

The format was approved by the DVD forum in July 1997. Equipment and discs of this format were tested for 3 months in more than 20 computer manufacturing companies around the world. Over 160 forum participants voted to accept the specification. Today it is the most common DVD format in the computer industry.

DVD-RAM drives read DVD-R discs OM. In turn, DVD-RAM discs can only be read by so-called third-generation DVD-ROM drives produced since mid-1999.

First generation DVD-R discs AM held 2.6 GB per side. Modern second-generation drives carry 4.7 GB per side or 9.4 GB for a two-sided version.

Two types of single-sided DVD-RAM discs are available - in a cartridge and without a cartridge. Disks in a cartridge are mainly intended for household video equipment, where it is necessary to exclude the influence of external factors during intensive manual use. Cartridges, in turn, can be of two types - openable and solid.

The most important advantages of DVD-RAM format discs are the ability to be rewritten up to 100,000 times and the presence of a recording error correction mechanism.

The most big number rewrite cycles among all DVDs, an error correction mechanism and random access to the disk, both when writing and when reading, predetermined the maximum efficiency of this format in secondary data storage devices. The vast majority of mass storage devices - robotic DVD libraries - use precisely this technology.

DVD-RAM discs can be used for recording and playback streaming video on equipment that supports the DVD-VR specification (see below).

Ш DVD+RW (Digital Versatile Disc ReWritable)

The DVD+RW format is promoted only by its developers - Hewlett-Packard, Mitsubishi Chemical, Philips, Ricoh, Sony and Yamaha (not supported by the DVD forum).

On DVDs+RW can record both streaming video or audio and computer data. DVD+RW discs can be rewritten approximately 1000 times.

Based on DVD+RW, a streaming video recording format has been created - DVD+RW Video Format. Devices and discs operating in this format are positioned on the market as fully compatible with equipment operating in DVD-Video formats. This means that DVD+RW discs containing video content can be played on older consumer DVD equipment.

Philips announced the launch of its DVD video recorder in September 2001. DVD+RW discs recorded on this device can also be read by conventional DVD-Video players. This solution was proposed as a response to the DVD-VR specification adopted by the DVD forum (see below).

Ш DVD-RW (Digital Versatile Disc ReRecordable)

There are other names for this format: DVD-R/W and less commonly DVD-ER.

DVD-RW is a rewritable format developed by Pioneer. DVD-RW format discs hold 4.7 GB per side, are available in single-sided and double-sided versions and can be used to store video, audio and other data.

DVD-RW discs can be rewritten up to 1000 times. Unlike DVD+RW and DVD-RAM formats, DVD-RW discs can be read on first-generation DVD-ROM drives.

TDK claims that its DVD-RW discs have a lifespan of approximately 100 years.

  • · Write-once DVD formats
  • Ш DVD-R (Digital Versatile Disc Recordable)

DVD-R is a write-once format developed by Pioneer. Devices based on this format were the first to record DVDs. The recording technology is similar to that used in CD-R and is based on an irreversible change under the influence of a laser in the spectral characteristics of an information layer coated with a special organic composition.

DVD-R discs can record computer data, multimedia programs, and video/audio information. Depending on the type of information recorded, discs can be read on other types of devices compatible with the recorded format, including DVD-Video video players and most DVD-ROM drives. Single-sided DVD-R discs hold 4.7 or 3.95 GB per side. Double-sided discs are only available in 9.4 GB total capacity (4.7 GB per side). Currently, the format does not support dual-layer recording technology.

The durability of DVD-R discs is estimated at over 100 years. To protect against illegal copying, two specifications have been developed: DVD-R(A) and DVD-R(G). These two versions of the same specification use different laser wavelengths when recording information. Thus, discs can only be written on equipment that meets their specifications. Disc playback can be performed equally successfully on any equipment that supports the DVD-R format.

DVD-R(A) (DVD-R for Authoring) is used in professional applications. In particular, support for a special format (Cutting Master Format) allows you to use these discs to record the original replica of information (premastering) instead of the usual use of DLT tapes for these purposes.

DVD-R(G) (DVD-R for General) is intended for wider use. Disks of this format are protected from the possibility of bit-by-bit copying of information onto them from other disks. The format is supported in mass storage devices (for example, in robotic DVD libraries offered by Pioneer itself).

The DVD-VR specification is based on DVD-RAM and is supported by the DVD Forum. The DVD-VR format allows you to record up to 2 hours of high-quality MPEG-2 video in real time on a single-sided 4.7 GB DVD-RAM disc and provides capabilities such as editing of already recorded video footage, recording various types static images. Electronics based on this format are produced, for example, by Panasonic, Toshiba, Samsung, Hitachi.

In order to store information for a long time and transfer it from one storage medium to another, hard drive devices, DVDs, CD drives, flash drives, and floppy drives are used.

A hard drive is a means of permanently storing information and programs on a computer.

Floppy disk is the principle of recording data on magnetic tapes. Such a device can hold information up to 600 pages of a text document.

The CD is an optical recording principle. You can even write down an encyclopedia, which contains many volumes. Flash memory is a device that does not require electrical power.

Many people wonder: what is used for long-term storage of information? So, the structure of my story is as follows:

  1. what serves for long-term storage of information;
  2. types of information.

What is used for long-term storage of information

The main information process is the process of storing information, that is, a method through which it is possible to transmit data across space and time. In order to save information for a long time, devices or devices are used that depend on the type of information being stored. To ensure orderliness this process, is the presence of information systems equipped with a procedure for searching, posting, and editing information. The main distinguishing feature of information systems is these key procedures.

Programmers determine: in order to save information for a long time, external storage devices should be used. This can be a storage device or media of every type imaginable.

Types of information

In addition to the above, it should be said about what types of information there are. So, the information could be as follows:

  • text;
  • pictorial;
  • numerical;
  • sound recording;
  • video recording.

The most common way to store information today is text type. Is it true, this method storage is not reliable and durable. Graphic, or pictorial type is the most ancient method of storing information; these are all kinds of diagrams, graphs and drawings.

Every person has at least a little bit of information or data that is very dear to him. This information may not always have material value; remembering the same videos, childhood photos or photos from a wedding - all this is very expensive. But many do not realize that the disk on which all this is recorded can become unusable in just one decade and nothing can be read from it. If you want to save such important information for as long as possible, then this article is for you.

We will share our experience in working with different drives and tell you which ones are reliable and which ones are better not to store anything valuable. You will learn how to keep your data safe and secure for at least a century.

General rules for storing valuable information

There are several rules that apply to any information that is important to keep safe and sound. If you do not want to lose dear photographs, important documents or valuable works, then:

  • Make as many copies as possible. This way, you will insure yourself with several spare copies, and if one copy is lost, you will still have a couple of other copies.
  • Store data only in the most common and accepted formats. You shouldn’t resort to exotic things and use little-known file types, because one day you simply won’t be able to find a program to open it (for example, it’s better to store texts in ODF or TXT, rather than DOCX and DOC).
  • After making several copies, place them on different media; do not store everything on the same hard drive.
  • Do not use data compression or encryption. If such a file becomes even slightly damaged, you will never be able to access it and open the contents. For long-term storage of media files, use uncompressed formats. For audio this is WAV, for images RAW, TIFF and BMP are suitable, video files are DV. True, you will need a medium with a large enough capacity to accommodate such files.
  • Constantly check the integrity of your information and create additional copies in new ways and on newer devices.

Such simple rules will help you preserve important documents, expensive photos and video recordings for many years. Now let’s look at where the information will be safe and sound for the longest time.

About popular media and their reliability

The most common and popular methods of storing digital information include the use of hard drives, Flash media ( SSD drives, flash drives and memory cards), recording optical disks(CD, DVD and Blu-Ray discs). Additionally, there are many cloud storage for any data (Dropbox, Yandex Disk, Google Drive and many others).

Which of the above do you think is best place storing important information? Let's explore each of these methods.

  1. Hard disks- Today they are used in most desktop PCs, and have also found application as portable data storage. Typically, such a carrier works properly for 3-10 years and its service life depends on many external factors and the quality of workmanship itself.
    If you do not regularly use such a disk, but only write down everything you need on it once and hide it in a secluded corner of some bedside table, then the information will be stored on it for the same period. Such discs do not withstand any external influences very well; they should not be beaten, shaken or exposed to strong magnetic fields - all this can lead to unpleasant consequences.
  2. Flash drives and SSD drives– such devices, on average, work properly for about five years. Many flash drives can break even much earlier, because they may not survive a power surge or static discharge when connected to a PC.

    If you record valuable information and do not use the media, the data can be stored for approximately 7-8 years.
  3. Optical discs are the well-known CDs, DVDs and Blu-Rays. Perhaps this is one of the most long-lasting ways to save information; in some cases, such a disk will reliably store all recorded data for more than 100 years. But here it is important to take into account many different points, and not all discs can boast such longevity.

    Therefore, a whole section in this article will be devoted to them later, where we will look at everything in detail.
  4. Cloud services– It’s difficult to say how high the reliability of such storage facilities is. It is quite possible that data will be stored in such places as long as it is commercially profitable. If you read the license agreement (which is provided upon registration), you may note that such companies will not bear any responsibility for the loss of your data.

    It is also confusing that you can lose control over your storage due to scammers and attackers who gain access to it.

As you understand, among the most available ways, it is best to store your data on optical disks. But not all of them are able to cope with the passage of merciless time, and then you will find out which ones are better suited for our purposes. Besides, good decision will be the use of several of the mentioned methods at the same time.

Let's use optical discs correctly!

Some of you may have heard about how long information can be stored on optical discs such as CDs or DVDs. Some probably even wrote certain data to them, but after a while (several years) the disks could not be read.

In fact, there is nothing surprising here; the storage life of information on such media also depends on many factors. First of all, the quality of the disk itself and its type play an important role. In addition, you must adhere to certain storage conditions and the recording process.

  • Do not use rewritable types of discs (CD-RW, DVD-RW) for long-term storage; they are not designed for this purpose.
  • Testing has shown that statistically the most long term storing information at CD-R discs and it exceeds 15 years. Only half of all DVD-Rs tested showed similar results. As for Blu-ray, it was not possible to find exact statistics.
  • You shouldn’t chase cheapness and buy blanks that sell for pennies. They are of very low quality and are not suitable for important information.
  • Burn discs at minimum speed and do everything in one recording session.
  • Discs should be stored in a place protected from direct sunlight, at a stable, room temperature and moderate humidity. Do not subject them to any mechanical stress.
  • In some cases, the recording itself is also affected by the quality of the drive that “cuts” the blanks.

Which drive should you choose for storing data?

As you already understand, there are different discs. All the main differences are related to the reflective surface, the type of polycarbonate base and overall quality. It is even possible to take products from the same company, but manufactured in different countries, then even here the quality can vary by an order of magnitude.

Cyanine, phthalocyanine or metallized layers are used as the surface on which recording is made. The reflective surface is created by gold, silver or silver alloy coating. The highest quality and most durable discs are made from phthalocyanine with gold plating (since gold is not subject to oxidation). But there are wheels with other combinations of these materials that also boast good durability.

To my great disappointment, I tried to find special disks for storing data; it’s almost impossible to find them here. If desired, such optical media can be ordered via the Internet (not always cheap). Among the leaders that can save your information for at least a century are DVD-R and CD-R Mitsui (this manufacturer generally guarantees up to 300 years of storage), MAM-A Gold Archival, JVC Taiyu Yuden and Varbatium UltraLife Gold Archival.

Among the most ideal options for storing digital information you can add Delkin Archival Gold, which are not found anywhere in our country. But as already mentioned, all of the above can be ordered without much difficulty in online stores.

Of the available disks that can be found with us, the highest quality and capable of ensuring the safety of information for at least a decade will be:

  • Verbatium, Indian, Singapore, UAE or Taiwan made.
  • Sony, which are created in the same Taiwan.

But the fact that all these disks can store information for a long time does not guarantee that it will be preserved for a long time. Therefore, do not forget to adhere to the rules that we outlined at the very beginning.

Take a look at the following graph; it shows the dependence of the occurrence of data reading errors on the time the optical disk is in an aggressive environment. It is clear that the graph was created specifically for the marketing promotion of the product, but still note that it contains a very interesting Millenniata, on the disks of which no errors appear at all. Now we will learn more about her.

Among the products of this company are the M-Disk DVD-R and M-Disk Blu-Ray series discs capable of storing important data for up to 1000 years. Such amazing reliability is achieved by using inorganic glassy carbon as the basis for the discs, which, unlike other discs that use organic materials, is not subject to oxidation or decomposition under the influence of light and heat. Such discs will easily withstand the ingress of acids, alkalis and solvents, and also boast higher resistance to mechanical stress.

During recording, small windows are literally burned on the surface (on ordinary discs pigmentation of the film occurs). The disc base is similarly designed for more severe tests and is able to maintain its structure even when exposed to high temperatures.

We were unable to find such discs for sale, but they can be freely ordered online at a very affordable price. Optical discs of this series are perfectly readable by any modern drives. It is quite possible that over time they will begin to appear for free sale in our country.

Despite the fact that such media can be read by any drive, in order to burn DVD-R you need a special drive that is certified and has the M-Disk logo. This is due to the need to use a more powerful laser. To burn such Blu-Ray discs, you can use any drive capable of recording these types of optical media.

As you understand, the need to use a special drive (which is also rare in our country) is a serious disadvantage. But on the other hand, sometimes valuable photos, videos and other information are much more important and you can get a drive for these things.

In any case, when storing important information, adhere to the mentioned rules and then you will be able to preserve memories of any event for a long time, and preserve the archive of important documents.

And information. It’s clear that you want to keep things like wedding photos or videos for a long time. However, how to do this?

Concept

Computer science determines that for long-term storage of information, that is, all possible storage devices and media that one can imagine. As you understand, there are different ways to ensure the safety and security of data. Let's determine what forms of information storage exist.

  • Graphic/pictorial. The most ancient method, adapted for It appeared in prehistoric times in the form of cave paintings, went through the stage of painting and turned into the art of photography. In addition, information is presented graphically in the form of drawings and diagrams.
  • Text. The most common method of storing data today. A wide variety of books and records, libraries. If we talk about reliability, then this storage method is not only not protected from theft, but is also short-lived. The best preserved cookbooks are those that were originally printed on materials adapted to an aggressive environment.
  • The next step after the invention of writing is mathematics , a numerical form of storing information. A fairly highly specialized area, it is used to determine the quantitative characteristics of any object in the surrounding space.
  • Sound recording. The ability to store sounds only appeared in 1877 with the invention of sound recording devices.
  • Video information. The next step in storage graphic information, which appeared with the creation of cinema.

Information processes

Under information processes imply search, storage, transmission, use and The main and primary matter is the preservation of data. What difference does it make whether we can receive or transmit information if we cannot store it?

The main one is the process of storing information. It is a way of transmitting data in space and time. For long-term storage of information, a device or device is used, depending on the type of data stored. To ensure orderliness of this process, use Information Systems. Any such system is equipped with procedures for searching, placing and input/output of data. Home distinctive feature information system is the presence of all these key procedures. For example, let's compare two libraries. The private library in your closet at home is not an information system, since only you can navigate it. On the other hand, a public city library, in which everything is organized according to a card index and there are standardized procedures for issuing and receiving books, is undoubtedly a system.

Computer age

With the development of not even the computer, but the Internet, information systems are being modernized. The storage process has been simplified due to the possibility of converting it into digital form. And despite the belief of some people that e-books or paintings do not carry a soul, this method of storing data is much more effective than others for long-term storage of information, and it includes all possible information, if only you can convert it into digital view.

Modernity

For long-term storage of information it is used Personal Computer and him external devices. They are divided into several types depending on the recording method.

  • optical disks;
  • hard disks;
  • flash memory.

They have a wide variety of volumes and are best suited for transmitting and storing information. Hard drives are designed to store large amounts of data, but their reliability leaves much to be desired. And, of course, flash drives. They are a middle link between hard and optical drives; they provide storage of information in sufficient volumes and for a sufficiently long period of time, just do not get them wet. In any case, the storage method is up to you.