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1 DMDE 3.0 DM Disk Editor and Data Recovery Software User Manual Version of instructions from Dmitry Sidorov
2 Contents DMDE Help Contextual help... 2 About the DMDE program... 3 About the DMDE program... 4 Acknowledgments... 5 Description of program files... 6 DMDE Editions... 7 Installation and launch. .. 8 Operating systems... 8 System requirements Activation Languages/Localization Program settings Known problems and other limitations Updates, downloading licenses Working with the program Searching and opening a volume Data recovery Partition management Full scan Selecting a disk I/O parameters Disk images and clones Arrays RAID File panel Disk editor Disk editor templates Cluster map Menu "Disk" menu "Tools" menu "Windows" menu "Editor" menu "Mode" menu "Edit" menu... 60
3 About the help Contents Online: Version of instructions from Help DMDE 3.0 The most up-to-date documentation can be found on the program websites. Reading the manual is recommended when working directly with the program. The program allows you to configure a number of parameters, the understanding of which requires certain knowledge about file systems and disks. If the role of such parameters is not clear, it is recommended to leave the default values. In the help, elements of the program interface or keyboard shortcuts are highlighted with a frame, text for entering or typing, and file names are highlighted in monospace green font. To open CHM help files obtained from the Internet in Windows, you need to copy them to your local disk and unlock them (right-click - Properties - Unblock). Contextual help Contextual help is called by pressing the F1 / Shift+F1 / Shift+F11 keys or the Help button. Supported on Linux and Windows only. Help in the form of HTML files is supported on Linux and Windows. CHM files - on Windows. By default, Windows distributions come with CHM files. To use HTML files, you should replace CHM files with man* directories (in this case, the man_en directory is located in the working directory of the program, the remaining man* - in the locals subdirectory; you can extract the help directories from the Linux distribution). HTML files are opened by the system's default browser. On Linux, the xdg-open command is used to open an application associated with HTML files. You can change the command using the shellopen= parameter. 2
4 About the program Contents About the DMDE program About the program Acknowledgments Description of program files Editions DMDE 3
5 About the program Contents About the DMDE program DMDE 3.0 program (DM Disk Editor and Data Recovery Software) Copyright Dmitry Sidorov A program for searching, editing and recovering data on disks. The main set of functions in the Free Edition, including file recovery from the current panel; in paid editions it is also possible to restore directories Additional functions and capabilities for providing data recovery services for clients in the Professional Edition Console and GUI versions for Win98/...XP/..7/..10, console versions for DOS, Linux Portable launch without the need for installation Support for NTFS/NTFS5, FAT12/16, FAT32, exfat, Ext2/3/4 file systems (directory browsing, file file structure parsing, data recovery) Special algorithms for searching file system structures for directory reconstruction and data recovery in complex cases with the possibility of preliminary quality assessment Recovering files by type if it is impossible to restore using FS A simple partition manager as a means of express partition diagnostics with the ability to quickly restore accidentally deleted and lost partitions Working with images (creating and deploying sector-by-sector images), cloning disks with control on " badah", reverse copying and other features Disk editor, compatible with the latest versions of Windows for viewing and editing various structures (using built-in and custom templates) with support for link transitions RAID constructor for assembling virtual arrays with support for RAID-0, RAID- levels 1, RAID-4, RAID-5, RAID-6, including parity delay, as well as user-defined striping, JBOD/spanned NTFS volume assembly utilities for copying, deleting files, creating, repairing, deleting directories by bypassing the standard NTFS driver Supports national names, large disks, large files, large sectors, sector size translation, NTFS compression and other special features 4
6 Acknowledgments Contents About the program Acknowledgments Thanks to all users for comments, suggestions, error messages, financial support (including for purchasing paid versions of the program), and for disseminating information about the program. Special thanks to users: Igor (jsfhd), Alex (irman.at.tut.by), Konstantin Volkov, Leonid Arkadyev, Antech (MediaWorkshop), Yatagan, 9285, Okzo, Nirvanowiec, Migol21, Gsm_virus, Bigolsen, Stepan Martinek, lordo4, H.Mohamadi 5
7 Description of files Contents About the program Description of program files Executable files dmde.exe or dmde - program Localization files *.tbl - code page tables *.lng - language files Documentation files eula*.txt - license agreement files (EULA) versions.txt - information about changes in the program readme*.txt - Readme files dmde*.chm - help files in Windows format CHM man*/* - help files in HTML format Other files dev9x.dll, dev32.dll - drivers for working in Windows 98/ ME dmde*.ini - program settings files cwsdpmi.exe - DOS Extender for running 32-bit applications (Copyright 2010 CW Sandmann, not part of the DMDE program) 6
8 DMDE Editions (DMDE Editions) Contents About the program DMDE Editions (DMDE Editions) Current information is on the program website (comparison of editions, purchase). To get all the features of the Professional Edition, you need to download the program in the personal section of the site (login recovery). In other cases, it is enough to enter the current license key into the basic version of the Free Edition. You can update/change/restore the key in the personal section (login recovery). Free Edition contains all the basic functions, recovers up to 4000 files from the current panel only. Paid editions recover files and directories without restrictions. Professional Edition has additional features and provides extended rights to provide data recovery services: portable launch on different computers one-time activation on client computers (including remote use) 64-bit versions (more than 2 GB RAM available, Windows and Linux only ) creating data recovery reports (including logs and checksums) using sector-by-sector copy logs (resume, multiple passes) custom I/O processing script recovery of additional data streams NTFS DMA access in DOS (for the ATA interface) 7
9 Installation and launch Contents Installation and launch System requirements Activation Languages Settings Limitations Updates Attention! If you have doubts about the physical health of the disk, it is recommended to contact a specialist. Working with the disk yourself (including turning it on) can aggravate the situation or lead to the complete impossibility of data recovery. If the device size is determined incorrectly. Attention! Do not write anything to the original disk/partition where the lost/deleted/damaged data is located. Use another drive to boot the system, install or run programs, or restore data, otherwise the data may be completely destroyed. It is highly advisable to boot the system from removable media (LiveCD/USB, etc.). To install and run the program, you must extract all program files to a separate folder (possibly on removable media) and run the dmde.exe or dmde file, depending on the version. In Windows NT+ and Linux, administrator/superuser rights are required to work with disks. If you need to run the program without administrator rights only to work with disk images, add the notadmin=1 parameter to the dmde.ini settings file. Operating systems Windows 98/ME Attention! Without special patches, Windows 9x/ME does not work correctly with disks larger than 128 GB. In this case, reboot the computer in MS-DOS mode and use the DOS version to access disks through the BIOS or ATA interface, or boot another OS. Windows 2K/XP To run in Windows 2K/XP, log in as an administrator. Attention! To work with disks larger than 128 GB, you need Windows 2K with SP4 installed and LBA48 support enabled in the registry, or Windows XP with SP2 (LBA48 support enabled). Windows Vista/7/higher To run as administrator, use the appropriate command in the context menu (right-click on the program icon) or confirm the elevation of user rights. Attention! To work with disks larger than 2 TB, the latest versions of controller drivers must be installed. Linux To run on Linux, you need to go to the Root terminal or launch a terminal emulator (Konsole, Gnome-terminal, etc.), go to the program folder and enter ./dmde. Find out how to run a program as superuser on your version of Linux (for example, type sudo./dmde in Ubuntu, first root using the su command in Debian, etc.). If necessary, set the dmde file to run permission (chmod 755 8
10 ./dmde). To run 32-bit versions of the program on 64-bit OSes, you may need to install additional libraries (for example, on Ubuntu you can install the required libc6-i386 package using the sudo apt-get install libc6-i386 command). DOS It is possible to use DMDE on both a regular DOS-supported partition and a DOS boot disk, which can help if you have problems using a particular disk. SATA drives must be set to IDE-compatible mode in the BIOS settings for direct ATA access. SCSI, USB and other devices can be accessed through special DOS drivers or using BIOS functions if supported. Some files for creating DOS boot disks are available on the software website in the Additional Downloads section. Boot floppy To create a boot floppy, download and extract the FDD image. You can write an image to a floppy disk using the Copy sectors function - specify the image as the source file and the floppy disk as the recording location. Various software also allows you to create ISO images for bootable CDs based on the FDD image. DOS boot disk Booting from a specific device must be supported in the BIOS (see BIOS boot menu). To create a bootable USB/HDD, you need a freshly formatted FAT16/FAT32 primary partition on the disk. Non-standard disks or partitions are not supported (disks without MBR, 3 TB+, etc.). It may be necessary to pre-clean the disk to create a compatible primary FAT partition using OS tools. 1. Download the FreeDOS Package and extract the files to the root of the FAT partition. 2. Open the disk as a physical device in DMDE and use the Register boot sectors... command in the Partitions window menu to make the partition bootable (specify the location of the unpacked files as the source of the boot sectors). Apply the changes and exit DMDE. 3. Download DMDE for DOS and unpack it into the created FAT partition. 9
11 System requirements Contents Installation and startup System requirements General requirements Disks: no significant hardware or firmware problems Attention! If there are physical problems (extraneous sounds, error messages, slow operation, etc.), it is recommended to contact a specialist Processor: Intel-compatible (i486 and higher) To save/use results, reports and settings, you need a working partition supported by the operating system (in in particular, a FAT partition is required to work in DOS/Win9x/ME) If the device size is determined incorrectly The problem must be resolved before continuing. Some problems have simple solutions - see the guide from an external source. Some problems: Volume limit jumper is not set correctly (size is limited to 32 GB) HPA is not applied correctly. The size usually becomes smaller by 1 TB (typical for some GYGABYTE motherboards). Programs for volume recovery: HDD Capacity Restore Tool (Windows), hdparm (Linux), HDAT2, MHDD, Victoria (DOS) The OS does not support large disks - see below Incorrect drivers for SATA/USB controllers (3TB+ support is incorrect). The size is usually seen smaller at 2.2 TB. USB box drivers should be updated / other adapter does not support 3TB+ correctly. You should replace the adapter or connect the device directly Windows 2K+ (2K/XP/Vista/7/higher) Recommended Windows XP with SP2 and higher 32-bit versions work in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of the OS Permissions available administrator Disks: supported by the operating system Attention! To work with disks larger than 2 TB in Windows Vista/7/higher, the latest versions of controller drivers must be installed. To work with disks larger than 128 GB in Windows 2K/XP, you need the appropriate service packs (Windows 2K SP4 or Windows XP SP2) and inclusion of LBA48 support in the registry Windows 98/ME Disks: supported by the operating system Attention! Windows 9x/ME does not work correctly with disks larger than 128 GB DOS Operating system: compatible with MS-DOS 5.0+ Disks: BIOS-supported or DOS-supported (using ASPI drivers) or ATA-compatible (IDE or SATA). SATA drives must be set to IDE-compatible mode in the BIOS settings to work directly through the DOS Extender ATA interface (the CWSDPMI.EXE 2000 CW Sandmann file in the program folder is sufficient) The amount of free conventional memory is at least 200 KB, the total is not less than 64 MB For advanced processing of matching names during data recovery, driver 10 is required
12 long names for DOS (for example, DOSLFN.COM haftman software) To work with the mouse, you need an appropriate driver for DOS Linux Operating system: one of the Linux distributions with the latest libc library Libraries for running 32-bit versions in 64-bit OS (for example , package libc6-i386) Superuser rights Drives: supported by the operating system Terminal or compatible terminal emulator (xterm, Konsole, Gnome-terminal, etc.) Support for utf-8 locale 11
13 Activation Contents Installation and launch Online: Activation Attention! After purchase you must obtain a licensed copy. To get all the features of the Professional Edition, you need to download the program in the personal section. In other cases, it is enough to enter the current license key into the existing version. To avoid license suspension or revocation, please comply with its terms. You can get the current key, as well as information about blocking, in the personal section (login recovery). The licensed copy must be activated upon first launch on new/changed equipment or after entering the key. Activation "online" Performed by the Activation "online" button (requires Internet access, not available in DOS). If the connection to the server is successful, the activation code will be saved in the dmde.ini file. Offline activation If online activation is not available, you can obtain and enter an activation code. 1. Launch the program on the computer on which it will be used. Click the "Offline" activation button and save the dmdeinst.dat file (or Prod.ID and Inst.ID codes). 2. Open the activation site or from any computer and send the dmdeinst.dat file (or enter Prod.ID and Inst.ID). You will be given an activation code. 3. Enter the received code in the program to complete the activation. Activation types (Professional Edition) 1. Local activation Local activation associates the use of the software with a specific computer: select Local activation and use online or offline activation. 2. Portable activation (portable launch) Portable activation links the use of the software to a USB flash drive and allows you to run the software on different computers without Internet access. Only on Windows (2K and higher) and Linux. Initial binding to a device 1. Select Portable activation (click or Spacebar). 2. Specify a removable device to bind to. The device must always provide the same correct serial number (12 or more digits and capital letters). 3. Use "online" or "offline" activation to complete the binding (the binding code will be saved in the dmde.ini file). Further use on various equipment Connect a removable device, launch the software and, if necessary, select the associated device in the list. 3. One-time activation Intended for one-time use on the client's computer when portable activation is not possible (for example, remote launch). 12
14 You should download the regular version of the program (without Professional capabilities) and enter the special Client Edition license key and one-time password, which can be obtained in the personal section (login recovery), and then perform the usual “online” or “offline” activation. 13
15 Languages/Localization Contents Installation and launch Languages/Localization Dialog window "Select Language" Apply Codepages. If this option is checked, the ANSI and OEM code pages specified in the language file are used. Translit. Forced transliteration of the interface (in case of problems with displaying national characters). Code pages - interface and data recovery ANSI code page - code page used in the DMDE for Windows and DMDE for Linux interface. OEM code page - code page used in the DMDE for DOS interface. Characters outside the selected interface code page are transliterated or replaced. The OEM code page is also used when reading short names (8.3 format) of FAT volumes in all versions of the program. DMDE for DOS also uses the OEM code page for file names when restoring. DMDE for Windows and DMDE for Linux use Unicode (if the OS supports it) when restoring file names, and the selected code page does not matter. By default, the operating system code pages are used (if can be determined). Settings from the ini file override code pages (if specified). Code pages from the selected lng file (*.lng) override previous settings if the Apply Codepages option is checked in the Select Language dialog box. Line 107 of the lng file indicates the ANSI code page, in the OEM line. INI file parameters usecodepage= ANSI code page oemcodepage= OEM code page translitenable= (Translit) viewtranslit= (Translit) 14
16 Program settings Contents Installation and launch Program settings Program settings are stored in the dmde.ini file in the program folder. The file contains a description of the parameters. Disk access parameters can be changed while the program is running 15
17 Problems and limitations Contents Installation and startup Known problems and other limitations Data recovery Saving data is allowed only to partitions supported by the OS (in particular, in pure DOS, Win9x/ME you can recover data only to FAT partitions) DOS, Win9x/ME: symbols Unicode file names outside the selected code page are replaced with an underscore or transliterated according to the loaded DOS, Win9x/ME or FAT transliteration tables: it is not possible to recover a file larger than 4 GB in its entirety due to the limitation of the FAT file system; alternate NTFS streams can only be recovered to NTFS- disk hard links are restored as different alt files. NTFS data stream is restored to only one of the hard links symlinks not supported NTFS encrypted files permissions are not supported NTFS owners permissions are not supported Ext2/Ext3/Ext4 owners are not supported Win9x/ME: drives larger than 128 GB are not handled correctly without installing special patches Windows drivers maximum path length supported by the program: 259 characters - for DOS/Win 9x/ME, for Windows 2K+, Linux maximum directory nesting (set by the maxrecoverdepth= parameter) maximum path length supported by DOS: 79 or 127 characters for DOS names in Depending on the DOS version, when using DOS name replacement (see Data Recovery), advanced name processing (for example, automatic renaming) is not supported NTFS support in write mode journaling is not supported when creating is not supported SECURITY INFORMATION (to access files and folders, you must install rights using the OS) OBJECTID is not supported additional creation of names in DOS format is not supported compressed files are not supported alternative data streams are not supported to create, append a file a continuous free area is required Others correct operation is possible within the limits of available RAM memory. In 32-bit versions, up to 3 GB of memory available (up to ~10 million files on a typical volume) up to 2K elements in the device list up to 400 volumes in the Partitions window up to 16K custom data stripe elements when building a Custom RAID up to 2K visible volumes per partition when Full Scan (showvolumesnum= parameter) up to 16 million MFT fragments for NTFS with Full Scan (ntfsmaxmftruns= parameter) maximum search depth in the search bar - up to 1K subdirectories limited support for keyboard and mouse input in Linux (hotkeys and national input may not be supported) 16
18 Updates Contents Installation and launch Updates, downloading licenses Updates are performed in the same way as the initial installation. License holders can download licensed copies in the personal section of the software website. You can restore the login address to your personal section using the form: 17
19 Working with the program Contents Working with the program Searching and opening a volume Data recovery Partition management Full scan Selecting a disk I/O parameters Disk images and clones RAID arrays File panel Disk editor Cluster map Menu 18
20 Searching and opening a volume Contents Working with the program Searching and opening a volume To view, edit, and restore files and folders, you must open the volume on which they were located. Depending on the extent of the damage, use the following methods. 1. If the volume is fully accessible under its letter (C:, D:,...), then it can be opened in the Select disk window by checking Logical drives / Volumes / DOS Services. This method is suitable for recovering deleted files from a healthy volume. If the volume cannot be opened or the files are not restored correctly, use the following method. 2. Select the device (hard drive or other media) on which the volume is located (Select disk Physical devices, or in the DOS version of ATA Interface or BIOS Services). Then in the Partitions window that appears, select and open the volume. If you can't open the volume this way or the data is still not restored correctly, use the next method for the most difficult cases. 3. Perform a Full Scan and open one of the volume variants found. Review the Full Scan help topic for the most efficient recovery in this case. The Open Volume Settings command in the context menu allows you to manually change some settings before opening the volume. If the original storage media was a RAID array, then you should probably build a RAID instead of selecting a single device. The volume can also be opened in the editor window when viewing the boot sector or a copy of it in Boot sector mode. 19
21 Data recovery Contents Operation Menu Service Data recovery Attention! If files are not restored correctly or there are other problems, make sure you are using the latest versions of the program from a trusted source. Attention! Do not write anything to the original disk/partition. It is recommended to restore data to another physical device. Recovering to another partition of the same disk is only possible if the partitions on the disk do not intersect and the disk does not have physical problems. Do not boot the system or run a program from the partition on which the recovery data is located. Before recovery, you must find and open the volume. The recovery results depend on the volume search results and which volume was opened. To restore all found files (including lost, deleted files, as well as alternative NTFS data streams), you need to open the virtual directory [All Found + Reconstruction] in the Files Panel. To automatically uncheck marks during group recovery, you also need to first open this directory. Free Edition supports recovery of up to 4000 files from the current panel only. "Restore" window "Volume" button Allows you to calculate the volume of the selected data to restore. Once the volume is calculated, the progress bar shows the current percentage of the total volume. "List" button Allows you to save a list of selected files to a file. "Deleted" files Recovers files marked as "deleted" (see Files panel). If the option is not selected, "deleted" files (even if they are checked) will not be restored. Option "Including found" Recovers files marked as "found" (see Files panel). If the option is not selected, "found" files (even if they are checked) will not be restored. Option "Including NTFS alt streams" (Professional Edition only) Restore alternate NTFS data streams (The alt stream name and the file name are separated by a colon, for example, FileName:StreamName). Create a report (Professional Edition only) Save a data recovery report - a list of files and directories, optionally - I/O errors, CRC32, MD5, SHA1 checksums. File Filter Define name masks (separated by semicolons) to restore only specific files. Wildcard characters "*" and "?" can be used. You can define exclusion masks by adding a backslash "\" in front. Masks have priority first. For example, the name abc.tmp matches the pattern a*;\*.tmp but does not match \*.tmp;a*. 20
22 File size limits Filter files by size. To specify only the lower bound, specify 0 (zero) as the second value. Additional questions Unicode names This option is checked if the OS supports Unicode, otherwise characters in names outside the selected code page will be transliterated or replaced (see Localization). Recovering to FAT drives, Split Large Files option FAT volumes do not support files larger than 4 GB (2 GB in some cases). Larger files can be split into parts upon request if the OS reports the error correctly (which is not always the case) or if the Split large files option is checked (recommended). Parts of the file can be combined on another disk, for example, using the system command: copy /b part1 + part2 + part3 result. Pure DOS only supports FAT partitions. File names in DOS, "Replace names" option Without special drivers, long file names are not supported in DOS. The Replace names option allows you to replace names during recovery. This will create a file LRENAME.BAT in the destination folder for reverse renaming. To restore the original names, you need to boot Windows, go to the destination folder and run the LRENAME.BAT file. To correctly restore national characters, you must select the correct OEM code page when working in DOS. Characters not included in the selected code page will be replaced. You can add the substnamesutf8=1 parameter to the dmde.ini file to create a Unicode LRENAME.BAT file that supports all Unicode characters regardless of the selected code page. The Unicode format is supported on Windows 7 and above. Paths longer than 259 characters in Windows NT+ To recover paths longer than 259 characters, you must add the prefix \\?\ when specifying the destination folder, for example: \\?\C:\. Such long paths may not be accessible to standard Explorer-type programs. Handling duplicate names When restoring data, duplicate names may occur due to the discovery of different versions of the same file, different links to the same file, or an erroneous merge of directories. When you restore a subsequent object with the same name, you are prompted to choose how to handle duplicates. It is possible to rename an object manually, automatically rename it, or skip all subsequent objects. It is also possible to merge directories with the same names. When the threshold number of renames for one object is reached, you are prompted again to select an action if the threshold is exceeded. The maxfilerenames= and maxdirrenames= parameters are used as default thresholds. Determining matching names works based on the destination file system. Handling of matching names does not work when using DOS name substitution. Event processing... - preset event processing during recovery (name matches, read errors, etc.) 21
23 Partition management Contents Work Menu Disk Partition management A tool for viewing, searching for partitions and opening disk volumes, as well as for basic partition management on MBR and GPT disks. Other styles (eg, hybrid, dynamic) are not supported, but sections may be shown as found. Management includes deleting and restoring (inserting into a table) deleted and lost partitions, restoring boot sectors from their copies, and other operations. Please read the warning before use. When you enable the Found option, an express search and display of lost and deleted partitions occurs. For a more thorough search, you must use Full Scan. When opening a volume found by a full scan, the volume is added to the list of found disk partitions (and, for example, can be inserted into the partition table, if possible). To prevent the express search for partitions from starting, you can disable the Show partitions when opening a disk or assembling an array option. Display options: found: show found table partitions: show AMBR and GPT tables GiB: display sizes in binary units detail: display multiple rows per partition according to the information source. (A) - sign of activity of the (boot) partition (Partitions column). Indicators show the presence of the corresponding structures: T partition table E partition table element B volume boot sector C copy of the boot sector/GPT table F main FS structures (for example, the initial MFT record for NTFS); f MFTMirr for NTFS; x the relevant structure is missing or damaged; (no indicator) the corresponding structure has not been tested (although it may be present). For example, the F indicator may only appear after the volume is opened. Found errors are highlighted in red. In case of incorrect/non-standard markup, correct display is not guaranteed. Dialog "Sections" of the command Attention! Changing the disk layout may make it impossible to boot from the disk, as well as some partitions being unavailable after application. Never change the layout of your boot or system disk. Use an alternative boot disk or connect the disk as an additional one to another computer. Run the program from media that will not change, and save the current markup to a file on media that will not change. After applying, restart your computer or reconnect the removable drive for the changes to take effect. Cancel the chkdsk system utility (by pressing any key) if it starts automatically at boot, as it can cause irreparable damage to your data. The Menu button brings up a menu with a complete list of operations available for the selected section. Changes in the markup are written to disk only after clicking the Apply button or using the Apply markup menu command. See also Change Management. 22
24 Open Volume Opens a volume to view and restore files. Open volume parameters View and manually edit volume parameters before opening. Show Volume Letters Show partition letters assigned by the operating system. Full scan Full scan Create image/clone Call the sector copy dialog to create an image or clone a partition. Insert partition (Undelete) Insert the found volume into the partition table. Extra, erroneous sections may interfere with insertion, so they must be removed first. A completely incorrect partition can be reset by applying the Boot Sector Signature command to the first item in the partition list. Partitions should be added sequentially from the beginning of the disk to the end. Delete partition Delete an existing disk partition or unnecessary partition table. Some markup errors can be corrected by deleting and inserting a section. Create RAW Partition Create a raw (RAW) disk partition in an unallocated area. If there are no errors in disk layout, it is recommended to use only standard operating system tools to create and delete partitions. Restore the boot sector from a copy Replace the damaged boot sector with a backup copy. Boot partition activity Resets or turns on the activity sign (A) of the boot partition. Boot Sector Signature (MBR On/Off) Resets or sets the boot sector signature (0xAA55). Remove MBR + GPT signatures (GPT Off) Remove signatures of the boot sector (0xAA55) and GPT tables (EFI PART). Set MBR + GPT signatures (GPT On) Set boot sector and GPT signatures. Only available on GPT disks after removal. Register boot sectors Create a DOS boot disk. Undo Action Undo the previous action. Redo action Redo the undone action. 23
25 Undo markup changes Roll back all changes to the markup. Discard All Changes Discard all unapplied changes. Load from file Load markup or rollback information from a file. For more details, see Changes. Save current layout to file Save a backup copy of the current layout to a file. Only available if the disk is partitioned and there are no unapplied changes. Apply markup Write the modified markup to disk. For more details, see Applying changes. 24
26 Search for FAT/NTFS volumes Contents Work Menu Tools Full scan A special search algorithm allows you to find and virtually reconstruct the structure of directories and files of a damaged file system or find lost files of known types using signatures if it is impossible to use the file system. If the volume's file system is only slightly damaged, the volume can be opened before the scan is completed. In the most difficult cases there are various volume options. To evaluate the option, you should select and open the volume, reconstruct the file system, and selectively restore files. If the selected option does not contain the necessary files or they are not restored correctly, you should continue your search or try another option. Indicators allow you to preliminary evaluate an option (see below). If data has been moved (by moving/merging/splitting/resizing partitions), then some files may be correctly restored from one volume variant, and others from another, although the files are visible in both volume variants at the same time. It is recommended to scan the partition area on the physical drive (including the source and destination areas if the partition has been moved) instead of scanning the logical drive. If necessary, scanning can extend beyond the selected area. Open volume Open the volume highlighted in the list. Save... Save scan results to file. Load... Start/Stop Options Menu Load results from a file (you can continue scanning after stopping or open saved results). Pause/continue search. If the data collection settings and search area are not changed, scanning will continue. Selecting a search area, file system, data collection parameters and volume calculations. Including, it allows you to change the sorting of volumes. Scanning is carried out selectively across the entire disk at once with gradual coverage of the entire scanning area, which allows you to find volumes without a full preliminary scan. Volumes with a large number of files are detected first. NTFS, exfat, ext2/3/4 The % and Matches columns allow you to evaluate the quality of data recovery for the found volume variant (percentage and number of successful matches). Min. size is the minimum volume volume containing files from the best FS blocks of the volume. FAT The Indicators column shows the absence (or damage) ("-") or presence ("+") of the corresponding FS structures (B - bootsector/copy, F - FAT table/copy, R - root directory). The Matches column shows the number of directories found that match the volume variant. RAW search for files by signatures File signatures are used to search for lost files when it is impossible to use the file system. Additionally, file signatures are used as reference points for calculating NTFS and exfat volumes. 25
27 Selecting a disk Contents Operation Menu Disk Select disk Selecting disk Select a disk for further work. If the device size is determined incorrectly, see the system requirements. Options Physical devices / Interface / Logical drives and DOS Services The preferred access method depends on the task (eg, when restoring data - see opening a volume). Options DOS ATA Interface Direct access (for IDE and SATA drives in IDE mode). Recommended method for disks with "bad" BIOS Services BIOS functions for accessing disks DOS Services DOS functions for accessing logical disks DOS ASPI Other Access to SCSI, USB and other devices via ASPI drivers (if loaded) Disk images: click or the Enter key on the top element allows you to add a new file to the list. RAID - go to the RAID array designer. Show partitions - express search for partitions and display the Partitions window immediately after opening the disk. Parameters - Define I/O parameters. Devices in Linux If some devices do not appear in the list of devices, you can open them as files using the Disk Images option and manually specify the path to the device, for example, /dev/mmcblk0 or /dev/mapper/truecrypt1. 26
28 I/O parameters Contents Work Menu Disk I/O dialog I/O processing script I/O parameters Interface Method of accessing the disk/volume (determined when selecting a disk). Windows OS IO FILE IO SCSI Use ReadFile/WriteFile functions to access the disk Use a SCSI driver (usually a lower level) Overlapped Use Overlapped (does not affect I/O, not recommended). DOS ATA Interface (direct access, recommended for disks with "bad") ATA Interface For HDD/SSD ATAPI Interface For CD/DVD use DMA use LBA48 raw CD access BIOS Services Faster DMA access for ATA (Professional Edition only) For access to addresses above 128 GiB For access to non-digital CDs Old BIOS Service CHS access up to 8.4 GB Ext BIOS Service LBA access DOS Services DOS Int 25/26 DOS functions Win9x-FAT32 Calls New DOS functions MSCDEX Services For CD/DVD Input errors- output A way to handle I/O errors. Ignore I/O errors. If you select this option, in case of an error, several additional attempts will be made, determined by the number of auto-retries, and the operation will continue. If the option is disabled, then after additional attempts the program goes into the mode of waiting for user selection in the I/O Dialog window. Don't wait if the device is not ready. If you select this option, the operation will continue even if an error occurs due to the device not being ready. When the option is disabled, the user's reaction is expected (in the I/O Dialog). always: apply the selection also to subsequent operations. now: apply only to the current operation. Number of auto retries when a CRC error occurs. The number of additional access attempts performed automatically in the event of an I/O error, before entering sleep mode, or before continuing an operation. If the number of retries is zero (0), no additional access attempts are made, and the remaining sectors of the block following the error are not read into the I/O buffer. If a non-zero value is specified, the block is read again sector by sector up to and including the sector with the error. The sector with an error is accessed until the read is successful or until 27
29 achieve the specified number of repetitions. Increasing the number of retries increases the percentage of data successfully read, but reduces the remaining disk resource, increasing the load. Number of auto retries if the sector is not found. Similarly for the "sector not found" error. If, as a result of reading, the contents of the buffer have not changed (or are filled with zeros), then it is assumed that the sector was not found. Fill bad sectors (hex). 4-byte hexadecimal value to fill the sector in case of a read error (optional). Jump through sectors after a mistake. The number of subsequent sectors that will be skipped after the first sector encountered with an error. Missing sectors will be filled with Filler. If bad sectors on the disk are located in groups, then skipping can significantly reduce the load on the disk and also prevent bad areas from growing, but it reduces the percentage of successfully recovered data if there are only single bad sectors on the disk. Read back after the jump. Read the sectors missed as a result of the jump in reverse until you encounter the error again. The option is not available if a large jump value is selected. Read reverse allows you to improve the quality of recovery with a slight increase in disk load. Filler for missing sectors. A 4-byte hexadecimal value to fill the sectors skipped by the jump. Additional parameters I/O buffer size (in sectors). The maximum number of sectors transferred during an I/O operation. Timeout, ms. Timeout for device response in milliseconds (DOS only for ATA Interface). SCSI timeout, s. Timeout for access via SCSI driver (Windows only for IO SCSI interface). ATA soft reset if busy. Perform an ATA soft reset if the device remains busy after the timeout expires (DOS only for the ATA Interface). ATA soft reset timeout, ms. Waiting time for the device to be ready after a soft reset. (DOS only for ATA Interface). Script... Setting up a custom I/O processing script. 28
30 I/O Dialog Contents Operation I/O Parameters I/O Processing Script I/O Dialog When read or write errors occur, a window appears that allows you to select how I/O errors are handled. The window contains information about the error: [W] means that an error occurred while writing to the disk, LUN - the number of the disk in the virtual RAID array, the numbers of sectors when accessing which the error occurred, the number of access attempts, the number and description of the error (given by the OS on Windows). After several retries determined by the parameters, the program goes into standby mode (unless the automatic error skipping mode is selected) and the Retry button becomes active. A message is output before the data block is processed. Abort: Abort the current operation. When you click the Abort button, bad sectors will not be copied to the recording location (this behavior may change in future versions). The button may be inactive if the operation cannot be interrupted at the moment. Retry: Retry access. In some cases, it may be possible to successfully read information from the disk after several additional attempts. In this case, the operation continues without distorting information. Ignore: Continue the operation, ignoring the error. The current operation will continue, but some of the information will be distorted. If an error occurs when reading the file system structure, some files may be lost and the directory structure may be damaged. Ignore. all: continue the operation, skipping all similar errors. After several repeated attempts determined by the parameters, the program does not go into recovery mode, the error is ignored, and the current operation continues. Reset: reopen the device (Windows NT+ only). ATA Reset: Perform an ATA soft reset. Available only if the disk is opened via the ATA interface in DOS. Parameters: disk access parameters Confirm, Cancel: used for the %CONFIRM% variable in I/O Processing Script 29
31 I/O Processing Script Contents Work Menu Disk I/O Options I/O Dialog I/O Processing Script The script can be used to log I/O errors, as well as for advanced error handling (including calls to external programs). This feature is only available in the Professional Edition. The script can be loaded or modified through the I/O Parameters window (Script button). The ondevhsc.txt file contains a brief description of the available commands and some examples. Valid command lines are: IF CONDITION COMMAND or COMMAND or: LABEL where CONDITION is specified by equality or inequality (!=, >,<, >=, <=, =) двух величин, величинам могут быть целые числа (0, 1,...) или переменные (список ниже) или простые математические выражения (операторы +, -, *, %, /, без скобок, математический порядок операций игнорируется), например, %ERROR%=0 Комментарии предваряются двумя минусами (--) Переменные Целые, включая ноль %CONFIRM% - =1, если нажата кнопка Подтвердить, =0, если Отменить (выводится окно диалога и ожидается выбор пользователя) -- %DISKNUM% - номер диска в RAID-массиве -- %TRYNUM% - номер попытки ввода-вывода -- %LBA% - первый сектор в операции ввода-вывода -- %SECNUM% - число секторов -- %ERROR% - номер ошибки -- %ATASTATUS% - значение регистра ATA Status (если снят бит BSY, только DOS ATA) -- %ATAERROR% - значение регистра ATA Error (если установлен бит ERR в %ATASTATUS%) -- %LINE% - текущий номер строки в скрипте -- %SERVICE% - тип ввода-вывода: -- 0-ATA 1-ATAPI 3-BIOSINT13OLD 4-BIOSINT DOSINT25 6-DOSINT73 8-DOSMSCDEX 9-DOSFILE WINFILE 12-WINSCSI 14-WIN9XINT13 20-LINUXFILE -- %LASTRES% - результат предыдущей команды -- %LASTERR% - ошибка предыдущей команды Команды -- SHOWDLG - принудительно показать окно диалога ввода-вывода -- WAIT - ожидать выбор пользователя -- DELAY N - ожидать N мсек. -- EXECCMD CMDLINE - выполнить внешнюю команду CMDLINE используя командый процессор (эквивалентно "cmd CMDLINE" в Windows) -- EXECCMDQ CMDLINE - выполнить без создания нового консольного окна -- EXEC "FILENAME" CMDLINE - вызвать внешнюю программу FILENAME с параметрамии CMDLINE 30
32 -- EXECQ "FILENAME" CMDLINE - call without creating a new console window -- MSDOS - call the command processor (not supported on Linux) -- GOTO LABELNAME - go to the LABELNAME label in the script (to the line: LABELNAME) -- RETURN - abort script execution, process the error according to the input/output parameters -- RETRETRY - interrupt script execution as if you clicked the Retry button -- RETIGNORE - interrupt script execution as if you clicked the Ignore button -- RETABORT - interrupt script execution as if you clicked the Abort button - - ADDLOG "FILENAME" LOGLINE - write the LOGLINE line to the file FILENAME (the LOGLINE line can contain variables) -- CANCELIO - call CancelIO (WinNT+ only) (available if the device is opened with the overlapped option) -- OVLRESLT N - wait for the result of an Overlapped operation (N=1: wait; N=0: don't wait) (WinNT+ only) (must be used if the device is opened with the overlapped option) -- RESETHANDLE - reopen the device (WinNT+ only) -- ATARESET - perform an ATA Soft Reset ( DOS ATA only) -- ATARESETDET - perform an ATA Soft reset and ATA Identify (DOS ATA only) Format specifiers -- To format a number after a variable name separated by a colon -- the by specifier can be added, for example, -- %LBA:8x% - width: 8, hex output Example IF %ERROR%=0 RETURN -- exit if no error IF %ERROR%=128 GOTO LABEL1 IF %ERROR%=5 GOTO LABEL1 RETURN:LABEL1 IF %CONFIRM%=0 RETRETRY -- repeat if the Cancel button is pressed -- continue script execution if the Confirm button is pressed EXECCMD /K ECHO error %ERROR% at LBA: %LBA% (%SECNUM%) try: %TRYNUM%. Type EXIT to return. IF %TRYNUM%<2 RETRETRY DELAY 500 ADDLOG "C:\ERRORS.LOG" error %ERROR:x% at LBA: %LBA:10% (%SECNUM%) try: %TRYNUM% RETIGNORE 31
33 Disk images and clones Contents Working with the program Disk images and clones Copy sectors (Tools menu): creating and uploading images, cloning disks Disk images (Disk menu): opening and working with an image as a disk 32
34 RAID Arrays Contents Work Menu Disk RAID Arrays Dialog "Build RAID" A tool for assembling virtual RAID arrays from single disks (or partitions and images) in cases where RAID cannot be assembled using standard controller tools (hardware RAID) or operating system (software RAID). If necessary, the drives should be disconnected from the RAID controller and connected to the computer as single drives. Selecting the wrong array or stripe type will result in incorrect data recovery (even if the directory structure is reconstructed correctly). Types of RAID-0 arrays. The array usually contains two disks, information on which is written alternately in blocks (stripes) of a specified size. Without one of the disks, only small files that fit entirely in one block can be recovered. RAID-0 is supported in read and write mode. RAID-1. The array usually contains two disks, the data is duplicated. Block size is not used. Read only is supported. One completely healthy drive can be opened as a single device without losing data. RAID-4. The array usually contains three disks. One of the disks contains parity data. The data is written in blocks to the remaining disks one by one. Without one of the array disks, the data can be completely recovered. Instead of a missing disk, use a Blank disk. Read only is supported. RAID-5. The array typically contains three disks (or more). The data is striped in blocks between all disks with one parity block for the remaining data blocks. Based on the method of data striping, RAID-5 arrays are divided into four main types. On some arrays (usually hardware), parity blocks can be interleaved less frequently than data blocks (delayed parity). The data can be completely recovered without one of the disks (which should be replaced with a Blank disk). Read only is supported. RAID-6. The array typically contains four disks (or more). Similar to RAID-5, but uses two blocks (of different types) for parity. The program only supports one type of parity, so only one disk can be replaced by a Blank disk. Only reading. RAID: Custom rotation. You can define arbitrary data interleaving (Menu - Interleaving...). Integers from 0 define data blocks according to their order on disks, -1 specifies an XOR parity block, -2 specifies an unused block. For example, for a diagram: Disk#0 Disk#1 Disk#2 Disk#3 A1 A2 Ap Aq B1 Bp Bq B2 Cp Cq C1 C2 Dq D1 D2 Dp => interleaving is specified as follows:
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- Hello admin! I beg you, please explain to me how to recover a deleted disk(D:) on the laptop with the DMDE program, the fact is that I had two partitions on the laptop (C:) and (D:) and an hour ago I accidentally deleted the disk (D:) with all my data, after which I immediately turned off the laptop . It’s very good that I still have a simple computer, and now I’m writing from it.
I called a computer scientist I know, he advised me to remove the hard drive from the laptop, then connect this hard drive through an adapter to another computer with the free DMDE program installed, then scan my hard drive with the deleted partitions with this program, and perhaps this program will restore the deleted disk.
But firstly, I have no idea how to remove a hard drive even on a simple computer, let alone a laptop, and secondly, it works on my drive (C:), why can’t I install DMDE for myself and scan that part hard drive on which there was a partition (D:)? Deniska. - Admin, question! They just brought me a screw where all the partitions were completely accidentally demolished, and there were three of them (C:), (F:), (G:) and the operating system was installed on the first one, the other partitions contained data files. I launched the DMDE program and it found almost all the necessary files, in short, they can be restored, but the DMDE developers arranged everything so cleverly that in the free version the files are restored one at a time, it’s inconvenient, in short, I’ll have to press the keyboard until the morning and I’ve been thinking about doing this It's a knight's move, just take and restore all the partitions at once, because the program can do this, but I can’t find suitable instructions anywhere, and I’m afraid to experiment myself, in case the data that I’ve almost already recovered disappears, I won’t be able to bear it. I asked you this question in the comments, but you don’t hesitate, you say you want to write an article, well, then write it quickly. I know you have an article about TestDisk, in this program you can also restore partitions for free, but it has a hellish command line, I don’t like it damn it, because I’m half blind. In short, help me out.
Sincerely, Blind Pew.
How to recover a deleted disk
1)How to recover a deleted partition hard drive with the DMDE program, on a laptop that has a new standard for placing GUID partition tables (GPT).
2) How to recover several deleted partitions at once hard drive using DMDE on a simple computer.
Note: If you want, we also have such an article, follow the link and read. There is also an article about: Undoubtedly, the reader who wrote the first letter can be understood, because you will agree that it will be quite difficult for a simple user to disassemble a laptop, take out the hard drive, connect it to another computer through a special device and restore the deleted partition. What then? - You ask.To understand how to recover a deleted disk with DMDE, let’s take my long-suffering laptop (which I’ve been saving for for several years) and delete the drive (D:) on it along with all my files! If suddenly the partition cannot be restored with the DMDE program, we will restore it with another program.
Friends, I will warn you against such experiments, just read the article and take note, if you accidentally delete a hard drive partition, you can restore it this way.
So, we go to "Disk Management" of my laptop and see several service partitions without a letter, they cannot be touched. Next we see the drive (C:) with Windows 8 installed and the unsuspecting drive (D:) with files, delete it,
We see the warning “Deleting a volume destroys all data on this volume.” Yes.
The disk has been deleted and is now unallocated space.
Let's go to the DMDE program website,
Download it and launch it. In this window, select the only hard drive of the laptop and check the “Physical devices” item and OK.
There is a search for deleted partitions on our laptop.
In the window that appears, you can see the existing and deleted disks of our laptop, the file system, the volume of partitions, indicators (showing the presence of the corresponding structure), the first and last sectors. To avoid repeating myself, you can read the detailed help located on the official website of the DMDE program.
http://dmde.ru/manual/partitions.html#addpartition
In our case, everything is relatively simple and our remote partition (D:) is visible to the naked eye, the name, volume, file system are the same, the remote disk is marked with favorable BCF indicators. We cannot make a mistake in this window, because if we select the partition to restore incorrectly, then in the best case, the DMDE program will not restore it, and in the worst case, it will restore it, but then we will end up with an unnecessary partition and the chances of restoring the necessary partition will drop. Select it with the left mouse and click on the “Insert” button.
In this window we must select the partition type, since the hard drive on our laptop has the latest GUID standard (GPT), select it and click OK.
Before the program restores a deleted partition, save the rollback data to a file, save this file on a flash drive or other hard drive. Yes.
Save the file.
That's all, our disk has been restored.
Our drive (D:) appears from oblivion, but for some reason without a letter.
Right-click on it and select "Change drive letter or drive path..."
Add.
Select the drive letter (D:) and click OK.
Now our disk (D:) is exactly in place and all the files in it are too.
Let's take my computer as an example. Please note that my system unit has two hard drives, so “Disk Management” also shows two hard drives. The second Samsung disk (120 GB capacity) contains three partitions: the first 100 MB service partition, the second partition with the Windows 7 operating system, and the third partition with personal files.
I'll delete all three sections. There are no partitions, now the space of the second hard drive looks like “Unallocated space”. Let's try to restore them.
Launch the DMDE program, check the "Physical devices" box and select the second hard drive with the right mouse, then click OK.
The DMDE program searches for deleted partitions.
In the window that appears, you need to be careful. As you can see, the program found 9 partitions, three of them are partitions that we need to restore, the rest of the partitions existed on this hard drive for a long time and we don’t need them.
The very first section among those found by the program is our hidden section without a letter with a volume of 100 MB, restore it, select it with the left mouse and click the “Insert” button.
All three deleted partitions were primary, the program determined this automatically, click OK.
Apply.
Save the data file for rollback, click Yes.
That's it, the first partition has been restored.
Go to "Disk Management" and select "Action" "Update"
Our section appears, we do not assign a letter to it, since it did not have one, this section is service and hidden.
Important: Friends, let me remind you that we are restoring partitions on the hard drive where the Windows 7 operating system was installed. The partition we restored (without a letter) is a service partition and for the operating system to boot it must be “active”, right-click on it and select in the menu command "Make partition active"
Restoring the second partition.
The volume of the second found section, which also has BCF indicators, is suitable, select it with the left mouse and click on the “Insert” button
Apply.
The second partition has been restored. Go to "Disk Management" select "Action" and "Update".
The drive (F:) appears, but also without a letter. Right-click on it and select Change drive letter or drive path...
Add.
Select the drive letter (F:) and click OK.
Now our drive (F:) is in place and all the files of the Windows 7 operating system are in place.
Restoring the third section
By volume, name, the penultimate found section is suitable, select it with the left mouse and click on the “Insert” button
All our three sections were the main ones, click OK.
Apply.
We save the rollback data to a file. Yes.
The third section has been restored.
Go to "Disk Management" select "Action" and "Update".
The drive (G:) appears, but without a letter. Right-click on it and select Change drive letter or drive path...
Add.
Select the drive letter (G:) and click OK.
Now our disk (G:) is in place and all the files on it before deletion are also there.
I would be sincerely glad if I helped someone!
To restore partitions in a DOS environment, read the instructions for the professional TestDisk utility:. However, in simple cases, the DMDE program, which runs directly in Windows, can help.
How to recover a deleted disk partition under Windows OS.
We will show you how to recover a partition in Windows 8.1.
Removing a disc
For example, we take disk D on a test machine. We go to the disk, we see that there are files of different types:
Now let’s take and delete drive D. To do this, right-click on the system shortcut This computer and choose Control:
By going to the section Disk management we see how the hard drive is marked: boot partition, system drive C: and drive D: with a volume label data. We right-click on drive D: and select from the context menu Delete volume :
Click Yes:
And we see that the volume has been deleted. The section has been deleted and in its place we see an unallocated area:
Thus, we artificially simulated the deletion of a partition. In everyday life, the disappearance of a partition can be the result of malicious programs or erroneous user actions.
Now we will show you how to recover the D: drive.
Disk recovery using DMDE
Download the DMDE program from the official website: http://dmde.ru/download.html:
Open the downloaded file:
The program does not require installation. Therefore, we simply unzip the archive into a folder:
and run the dmde.exe file:
In the program window DMDE on the left side select Physical devices , on the right side, select the physical hard drive on which the missing partition was located, and click OK:
After this, the program will search for partitions on the disk and display them in a list. We find the partition that needs to be restored in the list, select it with the left mouse button, and press the button Insert:
(In our case, we see a deleted section with the name data, the volume of which coincides with the volume of the deleted partition. Based on these signs, we understand that we need to restore it)
In the next window you need to select the partition type. Typically, the DMDE program itself determines the correct partition type and sets the selector to the desired option. All you have to do is click OK:
Now you need to press the button Apply to write changes to disk:
We confirm the recording of changes with the button Yes:
We save a file containing data for rolling back changes:
Partition recovery completed!
Checking the result of DMDE work
Press the button Update in Disk Manager:
We see that the D: drive we removed in the experiment has a volume label data reappeared in the system:
Let's go to This computer and we see that drive D: is displayed here too.
One of the problems that users of Windows 10, 8 and Windows 7 face is the hard drive (HDD and SSD) or disk partition with the RAW file system. This is usually accompanied by the messages “To use the disk, first format it” and “The volume file system is not recognized,” and when you try to check such a disk using standard Windows tools, you will see the message “CHKDSK is not valid for RAW disks.”
The RAW disk format is a kind of “lack of format,” or rather a file system on the disk: this happens with new or faulty hard drives, and in situations where for no reason the disk has become a RAW format - more often due to system failures , improper shutdown of the computer or power problems, while in the latter case the information on the disk usually remains intact.
This instruction provides details on how to fix a disk with a RAW file system in different situations: when there is data on it, the system needs to be restored to the previous file system from RAW, or when any important data on the HDD or SSD is missing and formatting disk is not a problem.
Checking the disk for errors and fixing file system errors
This option is the first thing to try in all cases where a RAW partition or disk appears. It does not always work, but it is safe and applicable both in cases where a problem has arisen with a disk or data partition, and in cases where the RAW disk is a system disk with Windows and the OS does not boot.
In case the operating system is running, just follow these steps
- Run Command Prompt as an administrator (in Windows 10 and 8 this is easiest to do through the Win+X menu, which can also be called by right-clicking on the Start button).
- Enter the command chkdsk d: /f and press Enter (in this command, d: is the letter of the RAW drive that needs to be corrected).
After this, two scenarios are possible: if the disk has become RAW due to a simple file system failure, the scan will begin and, with a high probability, you will see your disk in the desired format (usually NTFS) when it is completed. If the matter is more serious, the command will display “CHKDSK is not valid for RAW disks.” This means that this method is not suitable for you to restore the disk.
In situations where the operating system does not start, you can use a Windows 10, 8 or Windows 7 recovery disk or a distribution kit with the operating system, for example, a bootable USB flash drive (I will give an example for the second case):
- We boot from the distribution kit (its bitness must match the bitness of the installed OS).
- Next, either on the screen after selecting the language at the bottom left, select “System Restore” and then open the Command Prompt, or simply press Shift+F10 to open it (on some laptops Shift+Fn+F10).
- On the command line we use the commands in order
- diskpart
- list volume(as a result of executing this command, we look at what letter the problematic disk, or, more precisely, partition, is currently located under, since this letter may differ from the one that was in the working system).
- exit
- chkdsk d: /f(where d: is the letter of the problem drive, which we found out in step 5).
Here the possible scenarios are the same as those described earlier: either everything will be fixed and after a reboot the system will start as usual, or you will see a message stating that you cannot use chkdsk with a RAW disk, then look at the following methods.
Easily format a disk or RAW partition when there is no important data on it
The first case is the simplest: it is suitable in situations where you see the RAW file system on a newly purchased disk (this is normal) or if an existing disk or partition on it has this file system, but does not have important data, that is, restore the previous one No disk format required.
In such a scenario, we can simply format this disk or partition using standard Windows tools (in fact, we can simply agree to the formatting suggestion in Explorer “To use the disk, first format it)
If for some reason you cannot format the disk in this way, try also by right-clicking on the RAW partition (disk), first “Delete volume”, and then click on the area of the disk that is not allocated and “Create a simple volume”. The Volume Creation Wizard will prompt you to specify a drive letter and format it with the desired file system.
Note: All methods for recovering a RAW partition or disk use the partition structure shown in the screenshot below: a GPT system disk with Windows 10, an EFI boot partition, a recovery environment, a system partition, and an E: partition that is defined as having a RAW file system (this information , I assume, will help to better understand the steps outlined below).
Recovering an NTFS partition from RAW to DMDE
It’s much more unpleasant if the disk that became RAW contained important data and you need to not only format it, but return the partition with this data.
In this situation, first I recommend trying a free program for data recovery and lost partitions (and not only for this) DMDE, the official website of which is dmde.ru(This guide uses the Windows version of the GUI program.)
The process of restoring a partition from RAW in a program will generally consist of the following steps:
Note: in my experiments, when fixing a RAW disk in Windows 10 (UEFI + GPT) using DMDE, immediately after the procedure the system reported disk errors (and the problem disk was accessible and contained all the data that was on it before) and suggested rebooting computer to fix them. After rebooting everything worked fine.
If you use DMDE to fix the system disk (for example, by connecting it to another computer), keep in mind that the following scenario is possible as a result: the RAW disk will return the original file system, but when connecting it to the “native” computer or laptop, the OS will not load.
Recovering a RAW disk in TestDisk
Another way to effectively search and recover a disk partition from RAW is the free TestDisk program. It is more difficult to use than the previous option, but sometimes turns out to be more effective.
Attention: Only undertake what is described below if you understand what you are doing, and even then be prepared for the possibility that something will go wrong. Save important data to a physical disk other than the one you are working on. Also stock up on a Windows recovery disk or a distribution kit with the OS (you may need to restore the bootloader, for which I provided instructions above, especially if the disk is GPT, even in cases where it is not the system partition that is being restored).
If everything went well, the correct partition structure will be written, and after restarting the computer, the disk will be accessible as before. However, as mentioned above, you may need to repair the bootloader; Windows 10 has automatic boot repair that works well in the recovery environment.
RAW file system on Windows system partition
In cases where the file system problem has occurred on a partition with Windows 10, 8 or Windows 7, and a simple chkdsk in the recovery environment does not work, you can either connect this drive to another computer with a working system and fix the problem on it, or use LiveCD with tools for recovering partitions on disks.
- A list of LiveCDs containing TestDisk is available here: http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk_Livecd
- To restore from RAW using DMDE, you can extract the program files to a WinPE-based bootable USB flash drive and, after booting from it, run the program executable file. The program's official website also has instructions for creating bootable DOS drives.
There are also third-party LiveCDs specifically designed for partition recovery. However, in my tests, only the paid Active Partition Recovery Boot Disk turned out to be workable in relation to RAW partitions; all the others only allow you to restore files, or find only those partitions that were deleted (unallocated space on the disk), ignoring RAW partitions (this is how the Partition function works Recovery in the bootable version of Minitool Partition Wizard).
At the same time, the Active Partition Recovery boot disk (if you decide to use it) may work with some features:
- Sometimes it shows a RAW disk as a regular NTFS, displaying all the files on it, and refuses to restore it (Recover menu item), reporting that the partition is already present on the disk.
- If what is described in the first paragraph does not happen, then after recovery using the specified menu item, the disk is displayed as NTFS in Partition Recovery, but remains RAW in Windows.
Another menu item solves the problem - Fix Boot Sector, even if it is not a system partition (in the next window, after selecting this item, you usually do not need to perform any actions). In this case, the file system of the partition begins to be perceived by the OS, but problems with the bootloader are possible (solved by standard Windows recovery tools), as well as the system being forced to start a disk check at the first start.
And finally, if it happens that none of the methods could help you, or the proposed options seem frighteningly complicated, it is almost always possible to simply recover important data from RAW partitions and disks, free data recovery programs will help here.
Good afternoon dear friends! Today you will learn how to recover deleted data. There are many programs that can help us (DMDE, GetDataBack for NTFS, R-Studio, Recuva). We will take a closer look at the DMDE program.
Situations are different and often accidental or special deletion of photos from a computer, according to statistics, occurs in every third user.
IMPORTANT:
If the files are archived and very important to you, then DO NOT undertake steps to restore them yourself!
It’s better to turn off the computer (possibly in an emergency) and take it to a service center. Believe me, it will be much easier for specialists to recover your data if no one has touched it!
But we all believe in our own abilities, so if you decide to restore files yourself, here are the basic tips:
- Use another drive to burn the recovered files. Ideally, it would be if your hard drive is connected to a separate system unit on which another OS is installed and programs for data recovery are installed.
- When restoring files to a removable disk or flash drive, use special adapters.
Recovering files using the DMDE program
is a free program that can find and recover deleted files on any media (hard drives, flash drives). It can be written to a USB flash drive and run without installation on a PC. DMDE has two versions: paid and free. But for use at home, the free version is enough for you.Let's get started! Download the program from the official DMDE website and click GUI for Windows.
IMPORTANT:
The DMDE program contains detailed help, please read it.
DMDE does not need to be installed, it is downloaded as an archive. You just need to unzip the folder and run the file dmde.exe.
Now let's talk about a life hack. We choose only the easy option. So let's get started!
The “Easy” option
My computer has two hard drives: drive (E:) and drive (X:). There were files on the disk (X:) that were deleted.
It was the “Photos of 2016” folder. The files were deleted past the trash can, so it was impossible to recover deleted photos in a standard format. Let's resort to the help of DMDE.We launch the program and indicate on which disk the folder should be restored. With the left mouse button, select the drive (E:), then “Logical drives/volumes” will appear on the right and in the window that opens, select the drive on which the files were deleted. Click "OK".
The big advantage of the program is its intelligent algorithm for searching for deleted files. In the window that appears, select disk (X:) and click “Open volume”.
Go to the $Root section and expand the folders. The program finds deleted files.
Next, the simplest thing remains: select the checkboxes for the photos needed for restoration. In my case, as you remember, this is the “Photos of 2016” folder. Right-click and select “Restore Object”.
It is better to restore files to a third-party hard drive. Select the path to restore data and click “ok”.Congratulations! We did it! The files have been restored)) Thank you for reading to the end :) I hope this article will help you. Good luck!