What's happened dynamic shades in music? To be honest, the phrase “dynamic shades” is a little tricky, but its meaning is very simple. This is the volume level of the music being played.
Why did such a term take root in music? Because it comes from the Greek word “dynamicos” - that is, “strength” and implies with what force one or another part of the work should be played.
In this humble article we hope that the reader will clarify his ideas and strengthen his knowledge about this musical instrument so that he can better appreciate different styles and thus enjoy more the concert or performance he attends or simply listens to the CD.
Mersmann Hans, Letter from Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Schonberg Harold K. great pianist. New York: Simon and Schuster. Grout Donald Jay, A History of Western Music. Before we start with the history of the piano, we should also know that piano is the official name of the commonly pronounced piano and means "soft loud voice." It was called so as soon as the mechanism in the first piano was based. His goal was to create a soft tone and a high tone. The piano is a string instrument. Before they existed, there were key rope tools.
The following dynamic shades are distinguished in music:
pp - pianissimo (read as "pianissimo") means - very quiet
p - piano (read as "piano") quietly
mp - mezzo piano (read as "mezzo piano") means - moderately quiet, slightly louder than a piano
mf - mezzo forte (read as "mezzo forte") - moderately loud
f - forte (forte) loud
ff - fortissimo (fortissimo) - very loud.
Finally, the keyboard was tied to strings, and the piano as we know it today was invented. It resembles a small square piano in which the strings are struck by small pieces of metal. Its mechanism is closest to the first keys of a piano, but the difference is that the clavichord has a much softer sound. Consequently, it was an internal instrument, while it could not be used in concerts.
History of the piano and evolution
The harpsichord is one of the predecessors of the piano. It's as big as a piano. Its mechanism is very, very different from that of a harpsichord. In a harpsichord, the strings are not beaten, but instead are drawn by a bird's feather or a piece of tough leather, creating a delicate sound. Unfortunately, the volume of sound does not change pitch, no matter how much pressure is applied to the keys.
As you can see, dynamic tones are simply different degrees of loud and quiet sound.
There is also such a term as “sforzando”. It is designated sf and implies a sharp emphasis on a separate sound, note or chord. Sforzando should not be confused with accents, when one or more notes stand out from a group. Accenting notes, as it were, gives some value to certain notes; their weight and importance are different, however, as are the prices in stock. I advise you to take a closer look, summer will not be slow to come, think about your upcoming vacation and vacation time.
The origin of the grand piano was created out of the need to combine the advantages of the harpsichord and harpsichord in an instrument. The harpsichord left expression in the performance of the music due to the ability of the accent and singing style, however, its tone was warm. On the other hand, the key offered a strong tone and redial, but without any change in the active one. What would make the new instrument a unique keyboard would be the expressive tone, resonance, and a huge plus in tone power. The piano combined the features of these two key instruments around.
Bartolomeo Cristofori is a key character in the history of the piano. What Cristofori did was to improve the mechanism of the harpsichord. Also added are replacement tusks with hammer and damper edges. In the new instrument, unlike the clef and harpsichord, pressing the key with your finger will cause the hammer to affect the string and then let it vibrate.
So, when we accent a note, we consciously highlight it, make it louder than the rest, in this way a special rhythm can be formed against the background of the general one. Therefore, accentuation relates more to the construction of rhythmic figures. But sforzando is still a term denoting a dynamic shade.
The following words also refer to the designation of dynamic shades: diminuendo (diminuendo) - a gradual weakening of the sound and crescendo (crescendo) - a gradual increase in sound.
The vibration would come to an end as soon as the key was released from behind the shutter mechanism. Thus, with the piano, the musician can play softly or really hard, quickly or gradually, and also express emotions for the active. 2 examples of Cristofori grand pianos that have survived to this day can be found in Leipzig and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. During exactly the same period, other experimental instruments were made in France and Germany that tried to achieve the goal that the musicians were looking for.
Key characters in the invention of the piano
But none of these keyboards were as good as Cristofori's invention, with which she was not successful. After Cristofori's creation, the principle of the piano mechanism and from various European countries contributed to the development of the instrument. Some of the major manufacturers who designed the piano.
So, what are these notations in the notes for? In order to convey the nuance of a particular work. Of course, the final interpretation lies with the performer, but these signs in the notes help to understand how the author of the music sees its performance.
You can study musical notation not necessarily by attending lessons or hiring a tutor, but also by using this course.
The harpsichord is one of the main instruments in the origin of the piano. A significant contribution was due to the American invention using iron for framing. The strings crossed diagonally narrow at the center of the harmonic top. This creates a better voltage distribution in the frame and best sound. Thanks to the invention of this great instrument, we can hear great works of classical music from one of the greats.
The history of the piano has dramatically changed Western musical culture, and its influence on traditional music can be seen today. He was considered the best tool in the world. There are currently about 15 piano manufacturers in the United States, but Japan is the largest piano manufacturer in the world. Another character, no doubt. classical music, who composed several works thanks to the invention of the piano, is of course a legend that we should never forget.
Dynamic shades (nuances). There are two main dynamic shades in music:
1. f forte (Italian) forte- translation. "strongly") - loudly. Graduation levels:
mf- mezzo forte (Italian) mezzo-forte) – moderately loud, ff– fortissimo ( fortissimo) - very loud
2. p piano (Italian) piano- translation. “weakly”) - quietly. Graduation levels:
mp mezzo-piano ( mezzo-piano) – moderately quiet, pp pianissimo ( pianissimo) - very quiet.
The main difference is that the organ is on one side, and the piano and harpsichord are on the other. While in these two the sound is created by the vibration of the strings, in the organ the notes are left with air passing through vertical pipes. When the key is fired, it releases an air passage through a certain tube, and each one produces a different tone. Depending on the organ, it may have hundreds of keys and pipes.
A piano has strings that vibrate when the keys are pressed. It is this vibration that generates sound. Mechanical system causes the strings to receive the impact of a piece every time the pianist touches the key - and he can still control the force with which the string is struck. The piano has 88 keys plus pedals that serve to prolong, soften and even dampen the vibration of the strings.
In addition, to indicate large degrees of shade in musical notations, the letters f And p are applied additionally. For example: ppp(piano-pianissimo or three pianos) or fff(forte fortissimo or three forte). These designations are more psychological in nature, indicating to the musician that the sound should be even quieter or louder than usual. As a rule, this requires psychological concentration from the musician or, in cases of “loud” music, extra effort. You can rarely find something like this in scores: ffff, or this: pppp.
Externally, a harpsichord differs from a piano in that it does not have pedals and is smaller - it has thinner keys than a piano. But it actually changes mechanical part. In a harpsichord, the strings are not exposed, they are pinched, much like the fingers do when playing a guitar. This does not allow the player to change the intensity of the sound. There is no point in hitting the key harder.
Inside the instrument there is an extension of the piano key, which forms a kind of lever. When the key is at rest, the hammer remains down. When a key is pressed, its extension rises and the hammer strikes the string, which vibrates and produces sound. If the pianist hits the key, the hammer hits the string hard, creating a more intense sound.
All degrees of sound intensity gradation are relative and comparable to the capabilities of the instrument itself. In addition, in orchestral or ensemble playing, one should always take into account whether the solo or accompanying part has a dynamic nuance. In a solo part, it should still be interpreted as louder in relation to the rest of the group of instruments. In large ensembles, the final word on the selection of sound strength remains with the conductor, because The performer cannot objectively feel the sound balance from his seat.
A key extension also exists on the stud. The difference is that there is no hammer. Instead, the stud has a kind of needle, a plectrum, that sits on the tip of a piece called a bridge. The word nuances has a grammatical classification that is a plural feminine noun. This word has 7 letters, among them vowels and consonants. Moreover, the spoken word makes a designation of an imperceptible difference in something. The word nuance has several uses, but the most common is that it comes when it comes to colors, since hue is the essential property of color, meaning that each of the types having the same color without affecting it essentially, for example, shades of green: green green green, emerald green, among others.
Indications of the performance volume level in ascending order:
ppp– three pianos (piano pianissimo) – the quietest
pp– pianissimo – very quiet
p– piano - quiet
mp– mezzo piano - not very quiet
mf– mezzo forte - not very loud
f– forte - loud
ff– fotrissimo – very loud
fff– three forte (forte fortissimo) – the loudest
Additionally, colors have the same nuances, meaning they will differ from the use of adjectives related to saturation or brightness. On the other hand, in the field of painting, the tonality of color is pure, that is, there are no tones of aggregates. It can be noted that the most frequently used word in this field is not nuances, more often we find ourselves in one of its synonyms to express the same field.
In the field of music we also find the word nuances, since in this context it is used to refer to each of the levels of intensity that produce sounds, fragments or parts of a musical work. Musical tone can be intensity or dynamics, what is the degree of intensity with which part or all of a piece of music is to be interpreted; or lack thereof, which indicate the speed with which this or all work must be interpreted.
To the signs indicating dynamic changes:
1. Crescendo (Italian) crescendo, cresc.) – a symbol indicating a gradual increase in the volume of sound production. It is also indicated by a fork with a sharp end on the left - extended to the right. The edges of the symbol are often shaded.
2. Diminuendo (Italian) diminuendo, dim.), less often decrescendo ( decrescendo) – a symbol indicating a gradual decrease in the volume of sound production. It is also indicated by a fork with a sharp end on the right - extended to the left. The edges of the symbol are often shaded.
When it comes to music, nuances refer to sound intensity ratings. In musical terminology, this is called dynamic intensity or tonality for each of the different degrees or levels of intensity that can be interpreted from one or more sounds, specific passages or complete rails. The definition of the intensity of the sounds of a work, in words of nuances, can be formulated in terms of dynamic degrees or transition. Nuance helps in dynamics, so that signals can indicate different degrees of intensity respectively, or a transition between them.
A number of more terms related to dynamics:
al niente- literally “to nothing”, to silence
calando- “going down”; slowing down and lowering the volume.
marcato- emphasizing every note
morendo- fading (fading down and slowing down)
perdendo(perdendosi) - losing strength, wilting
sotto voice- in a low voice
Accompanying dynamics terms:
piu- more
poco- A little
poco a poco- little by little, gradually
subito- suddenly
Terms of sudden change in dynamics (suddenly sharp accent):
sf- sforzando (Italian) sforzando)
sfz- sforzato (Italian) sforzato)
fp- forte piano ( forte piano) means "loudly, then immediately quietly"; sfp(sforzando piano) - sforzando and immediately piano.
Dynamic degrees or nuances are constructed as a contrast between the concepts of soft and strong, which is expressed by the Italian words piano and forte, respectively. There are no less than eight gradations or signs of dynamics, from a softer sound to a more loud sound. For example, pianissimo, piano, forte, etc. also different degrees of intensity can be qualified by other terms. Accents are also part of dynamic cues that indicate that a particular note should be followed to a greater or lesser extent.