Megapixel - what is it and how many should there be? What is a megapixel and why “a lot” does not mean “a good 16 megapixel camera.

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Smartphone Samsung Galaxy A30 (2019) SM-A305 32Gb white SM-A305FZWUSER

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Smartphone Samsung Galaxy A30 (2019) SM-A305F 6.4 3/32Gb blue SM-A305FZBUSER

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Smartphone Samsung galaxy a30 32gb (2019) sm-a305 blue (blue)

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RUB 14,250

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Do you want to order a stylish and inexpensive smartphone with a 16 megapixel camera without extra extra charges? This can be done at the SotovikCity IM - same-day delivery is guaranteed. Affordable prices, manufacturer's warranty and other advantages of buying in a good salon.

Why do you need a phone with a powerful camera?

Carrying a photo or video camera with you is not always convenient; it takes up space and requires careful handling. It’s much easier to take your usual device with a good camera. It is considered as such provided large number pixels – 16 megapixels corresponds to a professional camera. To print high-quality images 10x15, 2 megapixels are enough, 20x30 and more - 5 megapixels. But there are other significant characteristics.

• Matrix size. With the same pixel value, pictures on the matrix bigger size will be sharper and more contrasting.
• ISO (aperture ratio) is responsible for the quality of shooting in low light conditions. On a smartphone, the settings for this parameter are adjusted automatically depending on the environment.
• Diaphragm. For a smartphone, f/2.2 is considered sufficient.
• Optical stabilization. IN modern models it is determined by a gyroscope that controls the vibrations of the matrix.
• Video format. If you do not plan to show videos on big screen, then 30 fps is quite enough.
• Flash. The LED lights up stably and does not drain the battery.
• Dynamic range. Responsible for color accuracy. The wider the DD, the more accurate the pictures.
• Memory size. Pictures taken and the videos need to be stored on the phone for at least some time before transferring to another medium. The larger the memory, the calmer you can shoot without worrying about something not being saved or not having enough space.

Where to buy a smartphone with a 16 megapixel camera?

Our website offers a profitable way to buy a multifunctional gadget for communication and active shooting. Xiaomi Mi Max or Mi5 are in no way inferior to the status Lenovo Vibe Shot for shooting quality. Prices – from 12,500 to 15,300 rubles. The difference is explained mainly by the amount of built-in memory - 32 or 64 GB. The rest is purely the marketing policy of the brand. Models of both brands will work equally stably both in communication and shooting modes. From inexpensive smartphones with a 16 megapixel camera you can safely choose the most cheap option. Delivery of any order within 24 hours is guaranteed.

Race for megapixels digital photography gradually switched to IP video surveillance. Our clients are increasingly asking for cameras of 3, 4, 5 megapixels and even higher. Most of them are absolutely sure that the higher the resolution, the more megapixels the camera has, the better it will show, the higher the detail of the frame will be. Manufacturers, to please consumers, produce high-resolution cameras; 12 MP IP cameras, in the now fashionable 4K format, are already being sold with all their might.

We decided to figure it out - does the video quality of IP cameras really increase with increasing megapixels? Is it worth overpaying for high-resolution cameras, NVR processing power, high throughput networks and for terabytes disk space necessary for this high resolution. We selected several cameras from stock with different resolutions - from 1 to 5 megapixels. We also ordered several expensive 5 - 8 MP IP cameras from manufacturers for this test. This is who came to us for testing.

We gave preference to outdoor IP cameras with a fixed lens, because... they do not need to be adjusted, and errors in the tedious adjustment of varifocal lenses will not affect the quality of the video image. True, we did not find 5-megapixel cameras with a fixed lens and tested 5MP varifocal cameras. We installed all the cameras in the same place and pointed them at the opposite wall, where we have several homemade “test tables” hanging.

Let's see what we got. All frame shots were taken through the web interface of the cameras using the IE browser and the ability to save a still frame built into each camera. In the table below we have placed a reduced frame to a resolution of 640x480 (or 640 by 360 if the camera has a widescreen matrix with an aspect ratio of 16:9), as well as a crop (cut out of the frame) with a resolution of 200x360 pixels. It more clearly shows the quality of the “drawing” of small details of the image - in particular, the letters on the Sivtsev table (a table for testing vision).

To view a full-size frame from an IP camera, click on its small copy in the table.

What we noticed when comparing these frames:

1. Cameras have different aspect ratios. IP cameras with a resolution of 1, 2, 4 megapixels have a widescreen frame with a 16:9 ratio. And cameras with a resolution of 1.3, 3 and 5 megapixels are 4:3. Those. the latter have a greater vertical viewing angle. This is very important for those cameras that will “look” at an object from top to bottom. For such cameras, there will be fewer dead spots under the camera both near and far. It is interesting to note that a 3MP camera compared to a 4MP camera not only has a larger vertical viewing angle, but also a resolution: 1536 versus 1440 pixels.
2. Cameras have different viewing angles, and it depends not only on the lens, but also on the size of the matrix. Budget IP cameras with a 1/4 matrix and a standard 3.6mm lens have a horizontal viewing angle of no more than 60°. But the 5MP IPEYE camera with a 1/2.5 matrix has a wide viewing angle both vertically and horizontally (more than 110°). It’s true that the lens at its shortest focus has a distance of 2.8mm.
3. Well, the most important thing we wanted to pay close attention to is the resolution. If you look closely at all the frames, you will notice that, undoubtedly, as the resolution (megapixels) increases, the detail increases. But NOT PROPORTIONAL! Not huge. A 4MP camera does not improve the image by 2 times compared to a 2MP camera. Detail increases slightly. In any case, not a single camera could “cope” with the second line from the bottom of Sivtsev’s table. And already the 6th bottom line (the right letters “B K Y”) is confidently “read” by both cameras with a resolution of 4 and 2 MP.

Of course, here we need to make allowances for different viewing angles. After all, as the viewing angle increases, we seem to move away from the scene being filmed and the detail deteriorates. This is especially true for the 5-megapixel IPEYE camera - the viewing angle provided by this combination of matrix and lens is too wide. And if you make the angle on it the same as that of 2MP cameras (about 90°), then the letters of this table will be read more confidently.

It’s interesting that another 5MP IP camera with the same declared parameters (2.8-11 lens, 1/2.5 matrix) has a slightly narrower viewing angle at the shortest focal length than the IPEYE-3802VP. Detail is approximately at the same level, the picture is somewhat noisier in dark areas of the frame, although the cost of the BEWARD camera is several times higher. But it has a motorized lens and you can control the viewing angle while sitting in front of the computer. A picture with a maximum focus of 11 mm will then look like this:

Maybe someone needs this, considering that every time you change the focus of the lens, you need to either manually or by pressing the “autofocus” button to adjust the sharpness of the image. And this takes from 5 to 20 seconds. But here you can confidently read the second line from the bottom of the vision test table.

Subsequently, we tested a pair of 2-megapixel IP cameras with a 2.8 - 12mm varifocal lens, because... There is an opinion that they show better than “fixes”. Here's what we got:

As you can see, the result is not much different from the previous one. The detail is almost the same as that of 2MP IP cameras with a fixed lens. Even the expensive 2 megapixel (!) Hikvision camera (the retail price of which as of February 2016 was 21,990 rubles) with a viewing angle of 50 degrees set at the factory (and to change it, you had to open the camera, which we absolutely did not want) The readability of Sivtsev’s table was no higher than 5th line from the bottom.

Perhaps varifocal lenses have greater photosensitivity and IP cameras with them can “see” better in the dark, but this is the topic of a completely different test and another article, which we may turn to later. But varifocal lenses have virtually no effect on resolution. Moreover, the slightest inaccuracy in focusing settings can lead to disastrous results, and all megapixels will be useless. And anyone who has ever set up a varifocal lens on an IP camera will agree with me that this is oh so difficult, given the delay with which the signal from the camera arrives at the monitor.

This is the first camera with a 1/1.8 sensor size that we got our hands on. In addition, this camera is capable of delivering a stream at a speed of 25 fps with a 5-megapixel resolution (2592x1920 px). Others cannot do this yet. The maximum they are capable of is 12-15 fps at maximum resolution. The wide viewing angle of this camera is immediately noticeable. With a focus of 3.6 mm, it is wider than 5MP cameras with a 1/2.5 matrix with a focus of 2.8 mm. The resolution of the camera from BSP Security is at the level of other 5-megapixel cameras, even a little clearer. At least the contrast of the picture is higher. However, the situation is slightly overshadowed by blurring of the left side of the frame. Perhaps we were unlucky and came across a camera with a slight distortion of the matrix.

And finally, 4K IP cameras with 8MP resolution arrived at our warehouse. This is a hemisphere with a fixed lens DAHUA DH-IPC-HDW-4830EMP-AS. Here's a shot from that camera:

To open the frame in full resolution, click in your browser right click mouse on the picture and select the "open image" menu item.

We didn't stop our test with office pictures; we also wanted to look at real footage of a street scene. To do this, we pointed our camera lenses at the nearest parking lot, visible from our window. We did this deliberately in rather difficult light conditions - early twilight. This is what we got.

Perhaps we chose a part of the day that was still too bright (17.10 - 18.00 in February), but all the cameras did an excellent job with such lighting. True, the 1.3 MP camera MT-CW960IP20 had a slightly darker picture than others, which is quite strange, because... the 1/3 matrix should have better light sensitivity compared to the 1/4 matrix.

As for the detail of the picture, the situation is similar to the results of testing in the office. Although it increases with increasing megapixels, it is not significant. Both 4 and 2 megapixel cameras were able to read Renault's license plate number. True last ones A little worse.

IP cameras with a resolution of 1.3, 4 and 5 megapixels with their wide viewing angles even “saw” the license plate of our van in which we carry all these IP cameras)). And the 5 MP camera even saw a car standing to the left of the van. The viewing angle is amazing!

In March, we received two more 5-megapixel IP cameras BEWARD and BSP Security for testing. Let's compare how they show on the street.

5 MP IP camera: resolution 2592x1944, matrix 1/2.5, zoom lens 2.8 - 11 mm
5 MP IP camera: BSP Security, resolution 2592*1920, matrix 1/1.8, lens 3.6 - 11 mm

The cameras were tested at the same time (18.00 in mid-March). It is interesting to note that despite the fact that the camera from BSP Security has a wider angle, it has slightly better detail. State The license plate on the blue Ford can almost be read, which is not the case in the BEWARD camera footage. The matrix size has an effect - 1/1.8 versus 1/2.5.

What conclusion can we draw?

1. The treacherous pursuit of megapixels is practically useless and only plays into the hands of manufacturers (well, let’s be honest - we, the sellers of these IP cameras, recorders and hard drives) they make more profit.
2. In the vast majority of cases, 1- and 2-megapixel IP cameras are sufficient. And if you need better detail of distant objects, then this problem should be solved not by mindlessly increasing megapixels, but by reducing the viewing angle using a varifocal lens. With this we will “bring the picture closer” to ourselves and will be able to see everything we need. And an increase in the number of video cameras. This solution may be a little more expensive, but it will definitely solve your problem. And perhaps the price of a pair of 2-megapixel cameras with a viewing angle of 50° (for example, “fixes” with a 6mm lens) will be less than the price of one 5- or even 4-megapixel with a viewing angle of 100°. But they will give us much more information about the observed territory.
3. It should be taken into account that increasing the number of pixels without increasing the physical size of the matrix only worsens the sensitivity of the video camera, because The pixel area becomes smaller and less light reaches its surface.
4. Real high-quality lenses with optics that allow you to get all the advantages of multi-megapixel matrices cost at least $1000. What can you expect from a 12-megapixel camera worth 20,000 rubles?
5. Well, the last thing to remember is that with an increase in “megapixel” you will additionally overpay for the processing power of the devices being recorded, storage devices (HDD), network bandwidth and traffic when viewing via the Internet.

P.S. We will continue to test IP cameras that come into our hands in this way. Several test samples have already been requested from various suppliers with resolutions ranging from 5 to 12 megapixels. Therefore, please visit this page periodically to receive new information about the megapixel race in IP video surveillance.

P.P.S. If any of the manufacturers or suppliers would like to test their cameras on our “test bench” - welcome, contact us by e-mail: kb063_sobaka_yandex.ru

A 16-megapixel camera on a smartphone sounds great, but an 8-megapixel camera often takes better photos. Technologies allowed companies to equip all their flagships with stronger cameras last year, but for some reason this did not happen. Samsung Galaxy S3, HTC Droid DNA, BlackBerry Z10 And iPhone 5, all gadgets are nestled on a cozy eight-megapixel bar.

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The picture quality of these smartphones is very high, and much better than some devices with a large number of pixels. What's the matter? Let's figure it out.
Megapixels are not a guarantee of the quality of your photos, this is the first thing you need to understand. The formula for getting fantastic photos is much more complicated. This includes the weight of the camera module, lens material, light sensor, image processing hardware, software, connecting all components together and much more. If you can add this list anything else, then most likely this article is not for you. Well, newcomers, welcome.

Sensor

Most beginner and professional photographers will tell you that the most important element in an optical system is the sensor that reflects the light. No light - no photos.

Light enters the camera lens and the sensor receives the information and converts it into an electronic signal. The image processor takes the signal and creates an image, which is by no means final. All photographic imperfections, such as noise, are visible here. Therefore, the size of the image capture sensor is extremely important. To put it in plain language, the larger the sensor, the more more quantity pixels, and the more pixels, the more light you can get.

Many experts like to draw a rather colorful analogy of the relationship between pixels and sensors with “buckets of water.”
Imagine you have buckets (pixels) placed on asphalt (sensor). You want to collect as much water in these buckets as possible, as much as possible. It turns out that the more buckets (pixels) you can place on the asphalt (sensor), the more water (light) will get into them.

As you may have already noticed, increasing the number of pixels installed on a limited sensor size does not lead to improved photo quality. It is necessary to enlarge the sensor itself, which will have a bad effect on ergonomics mobile phones and, of course, increasing costs.

The relationship between the number of pixels and the physical size of the sensor is precisely why some 8-megapixel cameras can outperform their 12-, 13-, or even 16-megapixel counterparts.

Unfortunately, most camera manufacturers do not disclose full list characteristics of their devices, much less indicate such “little things” as the width of the sensor. And think about it, even if they did this, how many users would understand these incomprehensible terms?

Image processing

The image processor is equally important for creating high-quality photography. In the majority modern smartphones a graphics processor is installed that processes all multimedia tasks of the device. Whether it's photos, videos or even games, processing is done effortlessly central processor, which significantly affects the operation of the smartphone.

The image processor helps achieve (or at least get close to) zero delay between the shutter being released and the resulting image being captured. At last year's Mobile World, company HTC advertised the latest discrete image processor for a family of phones HTC One , entitled ImageChip. The processor could process photos at the highest speed, the delay between shots was only 0.7 seconds!

Also, do not forget about the graphical functions of the device. The algorithms embedded in the processor create the final appearance of the image on the phone screen. Determining color, photograph clarity, noise reduction - all this happens at this stage.

Increasingly, some phone manufacturers such as HTC and Samsung include additional features into their expensive phones, such as detecting people's smiles and faces. All this is also the work of the electronics placed in our smartphones.

What's the result?

But let's return to our pixels. Currently, users pay more attention to convenience and speed of shooting. Quickly taking a smartphone out of your pocket, armed with a really high-quality camera, and taking a photo worthy of your home collection becomes a more pleasant procedure than waiting for a fancy DSLR to turn on. And carrying your phone with you is much easier and more convenient.

Don't chase the number of megapixels on smartphones. Having studied all the ins and outs and understood all the subtleties, you can choose a really good option.

RUB 9,490

Mobile phone LeEco Le 2 64Gb gray

Camera 16.0 Mpx. With mp3 player. Video frequency 30 fps. With auto-rotate screen. Type - smartphone. Screen size 5.5 inches. Touch screen type - capacitive. The size of the built-in memory is 64 Gb. With 3G. With bluetooth. Front camera 8 Mpx. With Wi-Fi. SIM card type - nano SIM. With Multitouch. Operating system type - Android. With GPS. For 2 SIM cards. With a digital video camera. Battery capacity 3000 mAh. With 4G LTE. Video resolution - 3840x2160. The case is classic. Screen resolution - 1920x1080. Weight: 153 g. Dimensions 151.1x74.2x7.5 mm.