A person who is little familiar with the rules of civil radio traffic (and generally knows little about the existence of any rules in this area) often does not think about what frequencies, as an ordinary citizen Russian Federation you can communicate.
These questions come later, when the unpacked walkie-talkie is in our hands and we are trying to figure it out. And it’s good if, when trying to figure it out, we don’t tune our walkie-talkies to any available waves, starting to test them (here we’re talking about walkie-talkies that have technical feasibility work at special frequencies, if you have a point-and-shoot device that works only at PMR frequencies, you don’t need to worry about setting up or complying with the law)! The article is dedicated to radio beginners, just like the author of the article himself, and talks about some of the basics!
On what frequencies can civilians communicate in Russia?
First of all, you need to understand that this moment For civil communications in Russia, only 3 frequency ranges are allocated (PMR / CB / LPD), and for each frequency range there are some nuances. Which, however, we will not describe in detail, limiting ourselves to only brief information.
PMR/ Pi-em-er: 446.00000 MHz - 446.10000 MHz / Step 12.5 kHz. The maximum permissible output power of transmitting devices is 0.5 W. PMR is used in many European countries to meet a wide variety of civilian needs. In Russia, the PMR band has been officially permitted for free radio traffic since 2005. A special license is NOT required to communicate on the PMR band. The sale of cheap walkie-talkies that operate exclusively on the PMR band is widespread. The PMR range has a total of 8 channels:
Start of range: 446.00000 MHz
1 channel: 446.00625 MHz
Channel 2: 446.01875 MHz (common automobile channel, used as an analogue of CB band channel 15 by truckers.)
Channel 3: 446.03125 MHz
Channel 4: 446.04375 MHz
Channel 5: 446.05625 MHz
Channel 6: 446.06875 MHz
Channel 7: 446.08125 MHz
Channel 8: 446.09375 MHz (Used only for calling or transmitting a distress signal.)
End of band: 446.10000 MHz
A message in PMR can be transmitted over several kilometers, depending on the transmission conditions (city, forest, field, etc.). However, a rare case of signal transmission at 535.8 km (From Great Britain to the Netherlands) is known, but this became possible due to a rare long-distance wave propagation anomaly for this range. To ensure good communication over long distances, line-of-sight conditions are necessary; theoretically, from a balloon or the ISS station they can easily hear you, but the more rugged the terrain, the shorter the achieved range.
LPD: 433.075 MHz - 434.775 MHz (25 kHz step) The maximum permissible output power of transmitting devices is no more than 10 mW. A range of radio frequencies for low-power devices, permitted for free use in many countries with some restrictions.
LPD frequencies for 69 channel radio.
Channel number - frequency in MHz:
01 — 433.0750
02 — 433.1000
03 — 433.1250
04 — 433.1500
05 — 433.1750
06 — 433.2000
07 — 433.2250
08 — 433.2500
09 — 433.2750
10 — 433.3000
11 — 433.3250
12 — 433.3500
13 — 433.3750
14 — 433.4000
15 — 433.4250
16 — 433.4500
17 — 433.4750
18 — 433.5000
19 — 433.5250
20 — 433.5500
21 — 433.5750
22 — 433.6000
23 — 433.6250
24 — 433.6500
25 — 433.6750
26 — 433.7000
27 — 433.7250
28 — 433.7500
29 — 433.7750
30 — 433.8000
31 — 433.8250
32 — 433.8500
33 — 433.8750
34 — 433.9000
35 - 433.9250 (The frequency at which car alarm key fobs operate; if you press the PTT button, you can mute the signal with all that it entails. We strongly do not recommend doing such things).
36 — 433.9500
37 — 433.9750
38 — 434.0000
39 — 434.0250
40 — 434.0500
41 — 434.0750
42 — 434.1000
43 — 434.1250
44 — 434.1500
45 — 434.1750
46 — 434.2000
47 — 434.2250
48 — 434.2500
49 — 434.2750
50 — 434.3000
51 — 434.3250
52 — 434.3500
53 — 434.3750
54 — 434.4000
55 — 434.4250
56 — 434.4500
57 — 434.4750
58 — 434.5000
59 — 434.5250
60 — 434.5500
61 — 434.5750
62 — 434.6000
63 — 434.6250
64 — 434.6500
65 — 434.6750
66 — 434.7000
67 — 434.7250
68 — 434.7500
69 — 434.7750
LPD frequencies for 8 channel radio.
Channel number - frequency in MHz / correspondence to channels on a walkie-talkie with 69 channels:
01 — 433.0750 / 1
02 — 433.1000 /2
03 — 433.2000 /6
04 — 433.3000 /10
05 — 433.3500 /12
06 — 433.4750 /17
07 — 433.6250 /23
08 — 433.8000 /30
CB: CB (output power of radio stations up to 10 W does not require registration in the Russian Federation) - used for civil radio communications. There are quite a few areas of application, for example, establishing communication between buildings, cars, and surface transport.
It has an advantage over the PMR and LPD bands when it comes to use in forests and rough terrain, but PMR and LPD are more suitable for the city, this is due to the wavelength.
In addition to the frequencies themselves, the CB range also uses a grid consisting of an alphanumeric code. Here are some useful CB radio frequencies: The frequency 27.135 MHz C15EA can be called the main automotive frequency in Russia. This is the calling frequency on which not only truckers communicate, but also everyone who has a radio station in their car throughout Russia.
Frequency 27.225 MHz (22nd channel of grid C) - channel of car enthusiasts of the 4X4 club.
Not a big conclusion on the given civilian frequencies.
The conclusion, in general, is from a fellow newcomer who obtained information from the Internet. As I understand it (correct me in the comments if I’m wrong), if your walkie-talkies are suitable in all respects (strength of the outgoing signal, antenna design, etc.) to such an extent that they do not need to be registered and you comply with all the rules of radio communication, while trying to no one don't interfere, you can safely use these waves! If there are problems with the parameters of the radio, it should be registered. At the same time, again, as I understand it, they will flash it artificially, limiting the exceeded indicators. You can, of course, use the radio at your own risk. At the same time, it is strictly forbidden for us to use other frequencies for transmission! That is, you can’t even just press the PTT button on them, because... this may interfere with various services! An exception may be a distress signal, that is, if your life is in danger and you are trying to contact at least someone to save you. This action will be within the law.
In conclusion, let’s touch a little on the topic of Radio Amateurs. How to officially become a radio amateur, get a rating, a license and register your call sign can be found on the Internet. We note that we, as ordinary citizens, are also prohibited from using the frequencies of official radio amateurs for communication. If you officially join the ranks of radio amateurs, go through all the necessary procedures, you will be able to use 144,000 MHz - 146,000 MHz - civil radio communications for licensed radio amateurs, and not just anyhow, but according to the rules.
I hope that the information presented here was useful to you! And if you have something to say on this topic, write comments and share your experience!
© SURVIVE.RU
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What frequency do truckers operate on and what radio station should I buy?What is a car radio for truckers? What is the frequency of truckers on the radio? How to choose the right walkie-talkie for truckers? Such questions are often asked by car enthusiasts who want to buy a car radio, but do not know which car radio model to choose.
So, let's look into this issue. Radio stations for truckers operate in a certain frequency range. This frequency range is called the CB (CB) band (from the combination of the words Citizens band - civilian band). This is a frequency range of 27 MHz. It is used in Russia, Europe and other countries of the world. Around the world and in Russia, truckers operate on channel 15 in the 27 MHz frequency range .
What is channel 15 of truckers?
This is a specific frequency in the 27 MHz band, assigned channel number 15 in a specific grid(what a frequency grid is will be described below). Depending on the country, the frequency of the truckers channel may vary. In Russia, the frequency of the truckers' channel is 27.135 MHz . They operate at exactly the same frequency in many countries around the world. But there are exceptions. In Ukraine, Belarus, Poland and Finland the frequency is used 27.130 MHz . But this is also channel 15. The frequency shift is only 5 kHz. In almost all countries of the world, the truckers channel operates in AM – amplitude modulation. Typically, a radio station has two types of modulation: AM (amplitude) and FM (frequency). Frequency modulation can be denoted by the Latin letters FM. You don't have to worry about what modulation is. This is just a way of encoding sound so that it can be transmitted using radio waves. Just remember that truckers in Russia use AM modulation. (There is evidence that beyond the Urals they use FM modulation)
We wrote above that the frequencies of truckers in different countries may be different and shifted by 5 kHz. But channel is still number 15. If you plan to travel to countries where the frequency of 27.130 MHz is used, then you need to buy a walkie-talkie that has a 0/5 switching function, or in other words, switching between the Russian and European grids. You can simply ask the seller if the radio has “zeros” and “fives”. By analogy with the frequencies 27.130 and 27.135 MHz, “zero” or “five” is the last digit of the frequency.
What is a frequency grid in a radio station?
When you decide to buy a radio station for truckers, you will have to deal with such a concept as a “grid”. The 27 MHz frequency range is conventionally divided into groups of frequencies (channels). One such group contains 40 channels (or 40 frequencies). All this is done for ease of use. After all, it is easier to remember the channel number than the frequency. This group of 40 channels is called a “grid”. Each grid has a letter name - A, B, C, D, E, etc. up to 10 grids. Sometimes a radio may have only one grid, or there may be three or more grids. It should be noted that there are models of radio stations that can contain not 40, but 45 channels in one grid. These 5 extra channels are sometimes called "holes". But basically, radios for truckers have networks of 40 channels.
How can I find out which grid the truckers channel is in?
If the radio only has one grid, then you don’t have to worry about how to find the truckers channel. You just put channel 15 and go. If the radio has many grids, then you will need to find out in which grid on your radio the truckers channel is located. This could be a C, D or E grid. Each manufacturer labels the channels differently and this creates some difficulties for beginners. To keep things simple, ask the seller what grid truckers use. For example, on the Alan 78 Plus radio this is grid C, MegaJet MJ-600, MJ-600 Plus - grid D, on the MegaJet MJ-3031M Turbo radio - grid E. It’s better to ask the seller. If you are well versed in technology and the walkie-talkie has functionality frequency and channel display, then switch the radio to frequency display mode and set the desired trucker frequency to 27.135 MHz.
How much do car radios cost?
How much does a walkie-talkie cost for a car? This depends primarily on the manufacturer and the country where they are produced. And it also depends on the quality of the components of a particular model and the number of operating functions. The most expensive radio stations are amateur models with an expanded number of functions (Ham radio). Most of the functions in such walkie-talkies are never used ordinary users or truck drivers. Their price can be from 12,000 - 15,000 rubles to 30,000 and above. There are simple walkie-talkies with a minimum of functions. Such models are cheaper, although it is not a fact that they are bad. Their price starts from 3000 rubles.
Which radio station for truckers to choose?
Below is a list of currently popular models. Among them there are very simple and inexpensive ones, and there are also multifunctional ones with a higher price tag. Amateur radios are not represented here.
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These radio stations appeared not very long ago, but have already gained popularity among car enthusiasts. Track radios are a brand of the VectorCom company and are produced in high-tech production. Each radio has a warranty card with a one-year warranty. They break extremely rarely. Repairs are carried out in our own service center. Consider the Truck radio station. These radios are also distinguished by their low price combined with excellent quality.
So, you purchased a MegaJet radio station and installed it in your car. And now the most interesting thing remains for you - setting it up. But how to do that? The method of randomly pressing buttons will not work. Reading the instructions, which are replete with scientific radio engineering terms, is also not very interesting and takes time. We offer you a short article with practical advice to set up your radio station:
- The first step is to switch the radio to 240 channel mode. To do this, you need to enter the combination “AM/FM -> ON”;
- If you pressed the buttons incorrectly, you can reset all settings, to reset the settings you need to press “CH9 -> ON”, “Reset” will appear on the screen;
- To switch to the Russian grid, you need to dial the combination “DW/M2->ON”. After this, you will see on the screen that the frequencies end in 0. On the Euro grid, the frequencies end in 5, please note that most often drivers and truckers use the European band grid;
- You can check the radio in this way by turning on, for example, the channel for truckers C15E AM at frequency 27.135, where “C” is the grid, “15” is the channel number, “E” is the European band grid, “AM” is amplitude modulation;
- You can configure the antenna yourself. You can install your original antenna or purchase another brand that is compatible with your radio.
To fully configure your radio station, in any case, you need to read the instructions or use the help of specialists.
But if you don’t want to deal with the instructions or you simply don’t have time for it, then we suggest using the services of our specialists in setting up and programming radio stations. They will professionally complete the work in a short time and give you valuable recommendations and tips for use.
I first turned my attention to walkie-talkies for cars when I was in active correspondence with portal users
http://www.drive2.ru/
, where there are always a lot of automotive fans
and motor tourists, plus drivers of commercial vehicles often come here. And now I really
I think that buying a walkie-talkie is a very important attribute of driver safety and friendly support from neighbors downstream.
Often, walkie-talkies for truckers is the only means of communication on the road, in an extreme situation. There may be no towers on the route mobile operators, postal stations, like in the 19th century, are more common, but... . A walkie-talkie for truckers is a more reliable (and inexpensive) means of communication..
Frequency of radios for truckers
- 27 135 MHz. This is channel 15. BUT. There is one important thing you need to know. The long-distance channel is always numbered 15, but on different models radios, it can be in different grids and have different letters.
On Megajet radios (Megajet) and Alan radios (Midland) Channel 15, the truckers channel is located differently. To avoid mistakes, check this with the seller.
The route can be fraught with its own dangers and surprises. For example, in the early 90s, transporting cargo on scows along deserted roads was generally very dangerous, and films were made and paperback books were written on this topic. In those difficult times, and in our no simpler times, the walkie-talkie was for the truck driver both a means of warning about danger and a way to plot a route so that valuable cargo arrived at its destination safe and sound. And sometimes a weapon no less effective than a shotgun or pistol.
Which walkie-talkie is better for a truck driver to choose so as not to get stuck with a million-dollar load on the platform? Let's take a closer look. Walkie-talkies for truckers operate in the civilian frequency range of 27 MHz (exactly - 27, 135 MHz) it is also called the 15th channel of the “C” grid. When using a walkie-talkie, the amplitude modulation mode is used. These are the two main conditions for choosing a radio for the route. All radio stations in the civilian range or, as they are called, the CB range (27 MHz) are divided into car radios and portable ones.
For truckers who always have 2 in the car, it is recommended to have both types. A car radio is for long-distance communication, it is more powerful, and a portable radio is for communication between drivers when they get out of the truck, or as a backup option. For communication on the highway it is used 15 grid channel“C” is in AM mode, or amplitude modulation, so when choosing a walkie-talkie, be sure to look at the support for AM mode. It should be added that some car radios only work in FM mode, and such a radio will be useless on the highway. FM radios can only be used as taxi radios.
Having focused on the car radio as the main radio for truckers, we can highlight some of the most popular models.
Car radio Alan 100 Plus very often bought by truckers. The ease of use of this walkie-talkie, its small size, and low price are crucial. Suitable for small towns and short distances due to low power.
Car radios Megajet MJ-100, Megajet MJ-200, Megajet MJ-200Plus andMegajet MJ-300- have a power rating twice as high as that of Alan 100, although the price of these walkie-talkies is not much higher. These models are also quite simple, but in addition they have the ability to work on both the European and Russian (-5 kHz) frequency grids. These walkie-talkie models are very popular among truck drivers for their reliability and simplicity. The radio stations have non-volatile memory (after turning off the radio, all settings are saved), which is a very convenient feature.
Car radio Alan 78 Plus has approximately the same price as the original Megajet MJ-300, but is slightly higher in power (10 W). You will be especially pleased with the non-volatile memory of the car radio - so you won’t have to tinker with the settings much. The number of functions will also satisfy any whim. 400 channels allows you to use this model as a walkie-talkie for a taxi.
Now let's look at portable authorizations. For car/portable radios, we can recommend a CB radio Alan 42. This walkie-talkie can operate on the trucker frequency and has the most suitable configuration of the supplied equipment and equipment. It can be used as a portable CB radio, or as a full-fledged one mobile radio station by connecting it through the car's cigarette lighter to the on-board network and connecting an external car antenna to it.
Radio bands and frequencies
In this article we will briefly look at what frequencies are allocated for radio communications and what radio stations and what range should be considered when choosing equipment in a given case. The article is presented in free form, using simplifications in some concepts and details. Does not claim encyclopedic accuracy, but will give a general idea of the frequencies used in Russia and the radio communication equipment used.
Let's consider What ranges do radios operate in? and why, in one case or another, different ones are used radio frequency ranges.
Shortwave range - 1-30 MHz
HF radio It is used primarily by the military, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the navy, forestry and environmental organizations for professional communications over long distances - from 150 to 8000 km.
The main disadvantages of the HF range are low noise immunity and the need to use large antennas up to several tens of meters long. Pros: absolute autonomy, long communication range and low cost compared to satellite communications.
Main equipment used: Icom IC-78, IC-M802., Vertex VX-1700, VX-1400, VX-1200/1210., Kenwood TK-90, Cordon P-12, Q-Mac HF 90M, Barrett PRC-2090 , PRC-2091, Karat, Angara.
Also, within the range of 1-30 MHz, there are 9 frequency sections allocated for communication to radio amateurs. The main HF amateur radio equipment used is transceivers from Kenwood, Icom, Yaesu, and Elecraft. If for professional stable radio communication the range is usually limited to 8000 km, then radio amateurs often conduct transcontinental radio communication sessions with their colleagues located on the other side of the globe.
Currently, the market for software-based radio - SDR equipment - is gaining momentum. Software-based radio is beginning to be widely used in amateur radio, military, and commercial applications. To date, Harris and Alcatel Lucent have already implemented several successful projects that use equipment based on SDR technology and cognitive radio (a radio system capable of receiving information about the characteristics of its own operation and adjusting its operating parameters based on this data). In the future, SDR technology has every chance of becoming a new standard in the telecommunications market.
Civil band - 27 MHz
Conventionally called the “27 MHz band”. Frequency range 25.6-30.1 MHz (officially permitted section - 26.965-27.860 MHz). Another name is CB range from the English abbreviation CB - Citizen Band.
Range of truckers on walkie-talkie This is the 15th channel, with a frequency of 27.135 MHz, in amplitude modulation (AM) mode. The channel is actively used by truckers for communication on the highways. In big cities, CB radios 27 MHz, used by motorists to exchange information about traffic conditions. In different cities, different channels are used for urban communication. For example, in Krasnoyarsk it is channel 40, with a frequency of 27.405 MHz, in Kemerovo it is channel 27, with a frequency of 27.275 MHz. Frequency modulation (FM) is used at the frequencies of city auto channels.
Also, radio stations in this range are used by small taxi companies and cargo carriers, rapid response teams of security companies and utility services. Despite the affordability of the equipment, and the fact that, according to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 13, 2011 No. 837, 27 MHz radios are not subject to registration, it is necessary to take into account the fact that the civil range is subject to large atmospheric and industrial interference and the use walkie-talkiesCB band for commercial purposes it is not suitable for enterprises where high-quality radio communications are needed. Portable CB radios, due to their small radius of action and relatively large dimensions, they are not particularly widespread and are used mainly during loading and unloading operations or at truck stops.
Most of the CB radio stations available in Russia are presented in our online store.
Buy CB radios which you can in our online store are presented in separate catalog .
Low-Band range - 33-57.5 MHz
This is the lower part of the VHF mobile radio range.
Due to the large influence of industrial interference in cities and interference from TV broadcast transmitters, given range used mainly in rural areas. The main users, since the times of the USSR, are ambulance stations and agricultural enterprises. Today, most of the world's manufacturers have stopped producing radio stations for these frequencies. Equipment for the Low-Band range is currently offered by domestic manufacturers - the companies Granit and Webr. In warehouses you can still find radio stations from famous brands: Motorola GP340, GM360., Vertex Standard VX-3000L. The only one available foreign manufacturers equipment in the 33-57.5 MHz range remains the company Alinco, Inc. The company offers the DJ-V17L wearable radio and the DR-135LH and DR-M06R car (base) radios.
Aviation band - 118-137 MHz
Aircraft communicate with each other and with ground services in this frequency range. Unlike most other types of VHF communications, amplitude modulation is used. Popular airborne equipment –
wearable aviation radios:
156.8375-174 MHz - mobile and fixed terrestrial communications.
In accordance with the Basic Law “On Communications” dated July 7, 2003 No. 126-FZ, in order to organize radio communications in this range, it is necessary to obtain permission from the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “GRChTs”. If it is necessary to obtain frequencies, we can provide consulting and support in obtaining permits.
High noise immunity and good signal transmission have made the 136-174 MHz range the most popular among users and equipment manufacturers. Our store offers most popular models VHF radio stations and antennas. Walkie-TalkieVHF band in our store are presented in separate catalog .
River band - 300 MHz
Used for communications on inland waterways.
Operating frequencies of walkie-talkies are in the range 300.0125-300.5125 MHz and 336.0125-336.5125 MHz.
River band radio comes with pre-installed channels dedicated to communication with ships and coastal services for various purposes.
Channel radio frequencies– their numbers and purpose are established by the “Instructions for the organization of ship radio communications in the basin (region)”, approved by the River Fleet Service of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation and agreed with local authorities of the State Supervision of Radio Communications. So, the main channels are:
Channel 2 (300.05 MHz) - for communication between ships;
Channel 3 (300.1 MHz) - for communication with gateway dispatchers;
Channel 4 (300.15 MHz) - for communication with other river fleet services;
Channel 5 (300.2 MHz) - for calling ships, coordinating the order of passing and overtaking when maneuvering and transmitting distress signals.
Channels 25 and 43 (336.2 MHz and 300.125 MHz) are generally accepted for communication between yachts.
All radio stations installed on ships and on inland waterways must have an Approval from the River Register of Russia (RRR) and a Certificate from the Ministry of Communications, regardless of their affiliation and whether these radio stations are the main or additional equipment.
According to the frequency allocation approved by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), frequencies in the range 156-162 MHz are used throughout the world for communications between ships (river and sea). The river band of 300 MHz is used only in Russia and the choice of equipment offered for this range is small. Popular river radio stations: Radioma-300, Vertex Standard VX-451/VX-454, Vega VG-304, Argut A-36.
VHF range - 400-470 MHz
In foreign sources, the range is designated as UHF, the name of which is derived from capital letters Ultra High Frequency.
The propagation features of UHF frequencies make it possible to recommend this range for use in dense urban areas and in the mountains. In forest conditions, radio stations at 400 MHz are inferior to radio stations in the 136-174 MHz range.
Frequency bands are allocated in the range for professional use, for radio amateurs and for license-free use by everyone.
Walkie-talkie frequencies, the operation of which, in accordance with the Basic Law “On Communications” dated July 7, 2003 No. 126-FZ, is possible only with permits:
420-430 MHz - mobile and fixed terrestrial communications;
430-440 MHz - amateur radio band;
440-470 MHz - mobile and fixed terrestrial communications.
If it is necessary to obtain frequency ratings, we can provide consulting and support in obtaining permits.
Areas of the range that, according to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2004 No. 896, do not require permits - permitted range of radios(license-free frequencies):
433.075-434.775 MHz – LPD (“Low Power Device”) range. Standard frequency grid of 69 nominal values, with a step of 25 kHz;
446.00625-446.09375 – PMR (Private Mobile Radio) range. Standard frequency grid of 8 channels, with a step between channels of 12.5 kHz (for precise tuning, the radio must be able to adjust the step of 6.25 kHz).