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What is BSoD
BSoD - Blue Sceen of Death, blue screen of death. Appears in the most critical situations, when closing a faulty program is impossible.
operating room Windows system has several levels of running programs. We see only the top one - open windows programs and running services. These are what the Task Manager shows. When one of the programs makes an error that it is not able to process and work around, it, as many users say, “crashes.” You can start it again and continue working.
Software modules running at a lower level (drivers) will not be able to restart in the event of an error. The Windows operating system tries to protect the user from many errors, but this does not always work and it capitulates, showing a sad face or a set of characters on the computer screen.
You need to understand that drivers are an intermediary between the software and hardware of a computer. Both drivers can fail (programmers are people too, they may not take something into account or make a mistake), as well as the hardware part of the computer.
Symptoms of BSoD
1. Appearance blue screen with strange symbols or a sad emoticon.
In 99% of cases, the computer reboots on its own due to a critical error (BSoD), but there can be a worse situation: problems with the power supply or motherboard. If you have a desktop PC, check to see if there are any bulges anywhere.
Reasons for a blue screen
1. Overheating. Overheating of the video card or processor leads to the blue screen of death.
By the way, in Windows XP, when the video card overheated, a BSoD always occurred; in Vista and newer, the video driver simply rebooted. If you see the message “The video driver has stopped responding and has been restored,” then this is an overheating of the video card:
The newer Windows, the better the protection against failures. Let's hope that in some Windows XV, instead of a blue screen, we will see an error notification that does not interfere with work.
2. Failure random access memory. It’s possible, but in order not to hit the mark, read on first - perhaps the cause of your blue screen of death is something else.
If you installed new RAM in your computer and get frequent BSoDs, replace it at the store with a working one. There are no other ways to overcome blue screens of death when replacing RAM.
3. Failure of other hardware. Maybe the voltage in the power supply “sags”. Maybe there is a loss of contact somewhere. Maybe your computer doesn't like the full moon. There are many reasons, one can guess endlessly.
If, after you have analyzed the minidump (more on this below) and eliminated errors, the blue screen does not go away, you should replace all components one by one. You can’t just go ahead and determine the cause of BSoD if the error codes are different every time.
4. Overclocking. If you are an advanced overclocker, then you know what overclocking a computer has to do with BSoD. If not, don't overclock your computer.
5. Driver(s) failure. The cause of BSoD is not necessarily a hardware problem. Unstable drivers are a frequent guest on user computers. How to identify a faulty driver will be discussed next.
6. Viruses. Be sure to check your computer with some or .
I never tire of being amazed at the self-confidence of users who say “ I have no viruses and no antivirus either! I have a straight hand/I only use trusted sites/sometimes I check with a one-time antivirus and that’s why everything is fine!". Leaving aside the debate about how you can live without an antivirus, think about it: if a person sees BSoD, he has This is no longer a normal situation. How can you say that there are no viruses and this is not the cause of the blue screen?
Also, do not think that if you have an antivirus installed with the latest databases, there cannot be viruses. Check with others to completely rule out the possibility.
7. Antiviruses. It's funny (and sad) that antiviruses can cause crashes. Remove your antivirus temporarily. Have blue screens of death stopped appearing? Install a new one so that blue screens do not appear due to reason No. 6.
8. Windows updates. Developers at Microsoft sometimes test updates poorly. Some are shutting down the Center altogether because of this. Windows updates and sit without updates, although this is not an option. Control Panel - Programs and Features - View installed updates - click right click - Delete according to the updates installed recently, then check the operation of Windows. Has everything returned to normal? Just don't install updates for a couple of weeks - usually during this time some kind of corrective update for the update comes out and everything becomes fine.
9. Programs crash. This happens, but rarely. If you see BSoD while playing or working on something specific program, I advise you to check your computer for overheating, because most programs are not capable of causing a blue screen, with the exception of those installing drivers into the system (antiviruses, emulators virtual disks, game security systems like PunkBuster, accounting programs that work with digital keys).
10. File errors hard systems disk. It won't be amiss
Let's find out the cause of BSoD
As you can see, there are quite a lot of reasons and there is no point in guessing. Fortunately, the Blue Screen of Death contains clues as to why Windows suddenly started to crash. Among the incomprehensible text there will be error codes containing a direct indication of what caused the failure.
Most often you are BSoD you won't see, since in Windows settings By default, the computer is restarted in case of critical errors.
You can disable automatic restart of Windows like this: Control Panel - System - Extra options systems - Parameters- check/uncheck the boxes as in the screenshot below:
Pay attention to the “Small memory dump” item - check it too.
Google the error code from the Windows Log
The “Write event to system log” checkbox is checked by default, which means error codes will be in the Windows Log.
Go to Control Panel - Administration - Event Viewer - System- and look for a line in the list that coincides in time with the appearance of a blue screen or restarting the computer:
Look for the error code (in the screenshot above it is 0x0000009f) in Google and read the first few sites in the results, follow the recommendations that have helped others. If a driver is specified (a word ending .sys, then it’s generally great - the likely culprit was found immediately, you need to install a driver for this device of an older/newer version. If there is no clear and clear indication on the Internet of the cause of BSoD for the specified error code, read my instructions further.
If there is nothing in the Windows Log, wait for the blue screen to appear and look for the error there:
Just search Google for information on the error code and follow the recommendations.
Analyze the minidump
Unfortunately, if the problem is a faulty driver, this is not always shown on the blue screen. The error code is also not always informative. You need to analyze the minidump file that is created when a BSoD occurs and contains information about the failure, in particular which drivers reported the error. There are two programs for minidump analysis: Windows Debugging Tools and BlueScreenView. Unfortunately, the first one is too complicated for novice users, although it gives a more informative result. In 99% of cases, the second, simple and free BlueScreenView is enough.
The BlueScreenView installer is available at this link.
After starting the program, you will see a window in which at the top there will be minidumps created by the system and information about them, at the bottom - a list of drivers. Failed drivers will be indicated in yellow.
Example No. 1 - the video card is to blame
A blue screen appears with the text ATTEMPTED_WRITE_TO_READONLY_MEMORY. Let's look at the minidump:
The ATTEMPTED_WRITE_TO_READONLY_MEMORY error, judging by googling, is caused by some driver. The likely culprit in this case is nv4_disp.sys. There are others, but they are part of the system and are statistically unlikely to be the cause. A Google search showed that nv4_disp.sys is a video card driver from nVidia. Three steps:
1. Check the video card for overheating.
2. Installing an older video card driver (new if the old one is installed). This is done with any drivers, not just video cards.
3. Installing the video card in another computer.
4. If a blue screen appears on another computer, take the video card to a service center. If the warranty is still valid, you can replace it with a working one free of charge.
5. Doesn't the blue screen appear on another computer? Try installing a different power supply on yours - this may be the reason.
6. Doesn't help? Reinstall Windows completely.
7. If this does not help, take it to the service center for diagnostics.
Example No. 2 - the culprit is not at all what was expected
A blue screen with the message PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA is associated with many problems:
If the likely faulty driver was ntfs.sys, then I would recommend checking HDD for errors, and also replace the cable coming from hard drive to the motherboard. In this case, BlueScreenView points to the USB port driver and this could be true, but where I took the dump from for example, the person is at fault motherboard- the capacitors on it were swollen. Solution - system unit in hand and stomp to the service center.
Example No. 3 - the antivirus is to blame
I found this minidump on the Internet:
The culprit was SRTSP.SYS, an antivirus component from Norton. Solved by removing it.
Example No. 4 - “broken” RAM
A blue screen with MEMORY_MANAGEMENT is a sign that the RAM is unusable:
Reinstall Windows
I thought for a long time whether to recommend this. However, a quick glance through popular forums showed that many users still use pirated Windows builds. So, if you have:
- Windows assembly,
- there are or have been installed many optimizers,
- the computer takes more than ten minutes to boot,
- programs often close with errors,
reinstall Windows completely! And install normal, original Windows. If you have a laptop, there will be a recovery partition on your hard drive with Windows prepared by the manufacturer - read the instructions and install (restore) it!
Windows installation- it’s not a matter of five minutes, but even a novice user can do it if desired.
Where can I get help?
Nothing helps? There is an excellent forum thread: Troubleshooting critical Windows errors (read the rules first).
Just first make sure that you have done everything possible: analyzed the minidump, updated the faulty driver. If the problem is in the hardware, the only way out is to contact a service center.
The Blue Screen of Death is familiar to every operating system user. Windows family. Some users experience it so often that they begin to think it is normal. But that's not true. Let's figure out what the blue screen of death is. This is an error that appears during startup or after the computer suddenly shuts down. It indicates that there are problems with operating system or internal gland. Only by understanding the causes of its occurrence can it be eliminated as effectively as possible.
If a blue screen of death appears on a computer with Windows 7, then we bring to your attention this article, it will definitely help you find and fix this problem.
Blue screen of death, its causes
The reasons for the appearance of a blue screen can be divided into two main groups:
- System. Problems with the operating system: no necessary files necessary for correct Windows operation, incorrectly installed OS, malware infection software or file and so on.
- Hardware. Problems with computer hardware: malfunction of the hard drive or video card, overheating of the processor, and so on.
In order to accurately determine the cause of the error, you need to carefully study the contents of the blue screen. After all, it is where all the information the user needs is indicated, namely: the reason for the error and even recommendations for eliminating it.
If the information indicated on the screen is not enough, then the computer can be configured specifically to diagnose the blue screen of death.
File corruption win32k sys causes a blue screen. Therefore, it is definitely worth checking and scanning other directories.
Diagnostics
Blue Windows screen or a memory dump - a reflection of the working (or not completely) state of the operating system during a certain period of time. Since immediately after a critical error appears, which may be followed by a sudden shutdown of the device, Windows displays all the necessary information on the famous blue screen, then for further diagnostics you just need to remember it: rewrite it or take a photo.
The main trouble is that the blue screen is shown for a strictly limited time. After which the reboot mechanism starts. Therefore, it may be difficult for an unprepared user who does not know where to look to have time to rewrite the necessary information.
To disable auto-reboot of the device, that is, when the computer or laptop immediately starts to reboot, immediately after the blue screen of death appears, you need to activate the recording of small memory dumps, that is, part of its important contents. To do this you need to do the following:
Now there is a blue screen of death when booting Windows 7 will not immediately disappear, so you will have time to rewrite the necessary information.
Error interpretation
Since any problem can cause a blue screen of death, to correct the error it is necessary to identify it.
Once you have managed to photograph the blue screen when loading Windows or write down the information that appears on it, you can begin to decipher the error that caused it to occur:
- The first line in English politely notifies the system that a critical shutdown of Windows has occurred.
- The following explains what exactly caused the problem. This could be the name of the file or driver of the video card, audio card, TCPIP.SYS, SPCMDCON.SYS, DXGKRNLl.SYS, NTKRNLPA.EXE, NETIO.SYS and so on. If this line is missing, then the cause of the error should be sought in the computer hardware.
- A user-friendly error name, such as DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL, indicates that an error occurred while installing the driver.
- This is followed by a large amount of text in which Windows suggests a possible solution to the problem. For example, check that drivers are installed correctly, run the disk check service, perform a system restore, and so on.
- After the word STOP, the technical error code is indicated for more accurate identification and elimination. It can be something like 0x1000007e, 0x00000116, and the like.
- Below, the system may re-indicate the names of files or drivers, such as TCPIP.SYS, SPCMDCON.SYS, NTKRNLPA.EXE, NTOSKRNL.SYS, NETIO.SYS and the like, which could cause the blue screen.
- Additionally, depending on the type of problem, Windows can display the RAM address where a critical error occurred. By analogy with the STOP code, it will probably have a format like Address 0x00000116.
Knowing this information, it becomes clear how to remove the blue screen of death.
Problems with a blue screen in 90% of cases are of the most trivial nature and appear among users who are poorly versed in computers, so they often neglect installation system updates, drivers, the correct procedure for uninstalling programs, and so on.
Damage to the acpi sys file can cause a blue screen, so to resolve the error you need to replace it with a working version.
Even if the screen says that the error was caused by files like tcpip, ntoskrnl, fltmgr, netio, ntkrnlpa, the first thing to do is:
It would be a good idea to defragment, check and clean the registry. This is best done using special software. One such program is.
With its help, it is also possible to check the presence of all files and libraries necessary for stable operation of the operating system. If any of them are missing or damaged, the program will offer to download and replace them. If desired, you can make a copy original files and save it in any convenient place on your hard drive.
Screen of death when loading or installing Windows
If you don’t know how to remove the blue screen of death when installing Windows 7, then carefully read the following information. This error can only occur in three cases:
- faulty x64 operating system image;
- working image, but faulty hardware (error 0x00000116, IGDPMD64.SYS, fltmgr, ntoskrnl);
- The BIOS was configured incorrectly.
If, when installing Windows XP, the blue screen repeats again and again, but you are sure that the computer hardware is in order, then the problem most likely lies in the faulty operating system image that you are using.
Blue screen during installation or Windows recovery may occur due to a faulty internal drive (HDD) or incorrect formatting. You should not neglect the standard procedure for checking the functionality of the OS image, disk or flash drive you are using. All this information can be found on the screen. You can fix other problems in the same way.
Missing or damaged system files
If you don’t know how to remove the blue screen of death that occurs due to missing or damaged system files or libraries such as TCPIP.SYS, SPCMDCON.SYS, IGDPMD64.SYS, fltmgr, DXGKRNLl.SYS, NTKRNLPA.EXE, NETIO.SYS or error 0x00000116 , then this method is for you. It is also suitable for errors caused by other files with the extension .SYS, .DLL, .EXE. To do this, you can use a special third-party shareware utility. One of the most popular is .
After installing the program, you need to launch it and start scanning using the Start button. Next, the utility will offer to check files like ntoskrnl, dxgkrnl, igdpmd64, fltmgr, tcpip, netio, ntkrnlpa. Additionally, the program will check other directories. If you are sure that it was the nvlddmkm sys file that caused the Windows 7 blue screen or any other file whose name you should know for sure, then you can check it.
Once the scan is complete, it will prompt you:
- replace the file if it was indeed damaged;
- proceed to check other system files if specified file not damaged;
- only delete the faulty file if you want to replace it yourself;
- do nothing, but at the same time open the folder with the damaged file to solve the problem yourself.
If you wish, you can install other applications for automatic search damaged system files and their replacement. Some of them identify and fix driver problems in a similar way.
Reset BIOS
If you recently made changes to the BIOS or tried to overclock the processor, then this may be causing the problem. Therefore, you should definitely try to return its settings to default. You can do this in several ways:
Conclusion
And this article discussed: what is the blue screen of death, its causes. The errors were deciphered, and various options for eliminating the breakdowns that had arisen were proposed. Now if you get the screen again death of Windows 7, then you already know what to do.
Video on the topic
Good day, dear readers!
It is unlikely that any active computer user has not encountered such a thing as a blue screen with a bunch of white text, which can only be gotten rid of by restarting the computer.
In this article I will tell you what it is, why it happens, and how to deal with it. The article turned out to be very long, but it covered all the points from the reasons for the appearance of the blue screen of death to their elimination.
Blue screens of death look different on different computers and operating systems (OS). Lately they have become less and less blue.
For example, this blue screen with a sad smiley face is offered to us by the developers new Windows 8, scheduled for release in 2012. This BSoD can be observed quite often when testing the capabilities of a new operating system. Perhaps this is one of the most positive, so to speak about BSoD, blue screens of death.
However, some had to encounter the red screen of death in earlier versions Windows Vista, which served as blue. In the older days of Windows 1.0 and Windows 2.0, the screen was completely black! The blue screen began to be called starting in 1991, when this name was proposed by Erik Noyes, an employee of one of the Californian companies. Since then, the concept of “blue screen of death” has become generally accepted.
What is Blue Screen of Death
A concept that came from English and translated into our native language. Actually, as you already understand, BSoD and the “blue screen of death” are one and the same thing. The abbreviation BSoD stands for Blue Screen of Death or Blue Screen of Doom. The official name of the phenomenon is Stop Error.
When you see a blue screen on your computer monitor, it indicates a critical system error. This method of informing the user about a failure is typical for Windows OS.
So what is BSoD? In Fig. 1, you can parse the CRITICAL_OBJECT_TERMINATION entry. This is a blue screen of death error with the code (technically correct - STOP code) 0x000000F4. A short notation is also used, discarding zeros after 0x - 0xF4. Further in the article, this particular recording will be used when there are no other numbers. Blue screen of death codes are an entry in hexadecimal system prefixed numbers 0x. This prefix is used for recognition by system services that use the language C.
Using the BSoD STOP code, the system identifies the error that occurred and makes an entry in the system log for subsequent analysis and prevention of the error in the future. Blue screen of death error 0xF4 indicates a failure that occurred due to an unexpected termination of a system-critical process or thread. We will talk more about the meaning of blue screen of death errors below.
More detailed information for advanced users is provided by BSoD, used in Windows XP/Vista/7, the most common today, as well as Windows Server 2003.
Rice. 2. Blue Screen of Death in Windows XP/2003/Vista/7 Using this BSoD, it is much easier for an advanced user to figure out what the problem is.
First, Microsoft notifies the user that the BSoD is caused by a shutdown to prevent the computer from crashing. Below is system file SPCMDCON.SYS is the culprit, according to Windows, of emergency shutdowns. Below is the blue screen of death error PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA - indicating that the data contained in memory was not found. The following is a guide for the user's next steps to prevent a similar error from occurring in the future. Below is technical information: STOP code 0x50 and again the SPCMDCON.SYS file, this time with parameters.
Agree, this BSoD can lead to much more confusion for an inexperienced user than the one offered by the Windows 8 developers.
The most common blue screen of death codes
Let's list the most common Blue Screen of Death errors. The following is short description the reasons why the blue screen of death is most likely to appear. However, to accurately diagnose the problem, you still need to refer to the error parameters and interpret them correctly using debugging programs.
0xA - IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL - incorrect address when accessing the device driver;
0x1E - KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLED - The kernel mode process is attempting to execute an invalid instruction;
0x24 - NTFS_FILE_SYSTEM - failure in file system NTFS;
0x2E - DATA_BUS_ERROR - parity error in RAM;
0xB4 - VIDEO_DRIVER_INIT_FAILURE - video driver initialization error;
0xB9 - CHIPSET_DETECTED_ERROR - the motherboard chipset is faulty;
0xC2- BAD_POOL_CALLER - memory allocation operation error;
0x4E - PFN_LIST_CORRUPT - the driver input/output structure is damaged;
0x50 or 0x8E - PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREA - data requested from memory is missing;
0x69 - IO1_INITIALIZATION_FAILED - system initialization failed;
0x77- KERNEL_STACK_INPAGE_ERROR - reading the requested kernel page is impossible;
0x79 - MISMATCHED_HAL - hardware incompatibility;
0x7A - KERNEL_DATA_INPAGE_ERROR - error reading into physical memory;
0x7B - INACCESSIBLE_BOOT_DEVICE - no access to system partition disk;
0x7F - UNEXPECTED_KERNEL_MODE_TRAP - unexpected error operation in the kernel;
0xD1 - DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL - driver error, memory address is not available;
0xF3 - DISORDERLY_SHUTDOWN - Windows was unable to shut down due to lack of memory;
0xC0000135 - STATUS_DLL_NOT_FOUND - error loading the library;
0xC000021A - STATUS_SYSTEM_PROCESS_TERMINATED - error in a service running in user mode;
0xC0000221- STATUS_IMAGE_CHECKSUM_MISMATCH - the driver file was not found or damaged.
If your blue screen of death error is in this list no, you can find it on the Microsoft technical support sites. It contains explanations of the most likely causes of failure for each error, as well as an interpretation of the BSoD parameters - this is necessary for high-quality troubleshooting of the problem leading to the appearance of BSoD.
Blue screen of death, what to do
Why does the blue screen of death appear? There can be a lot of reasons. IN general case BSoD occurs when a critical error occurs while kernel or driver code is running in kernel mode.
The Blue Screen of Death appears, for example, when any changes have been made to the computer’s hardware: replacing or installing a video card, audio adapter, hard drive, PCI and PCI Express bus controllers and devices. The driver for these devices may be poorly compatible or incompatible with the existing computer configuration, which leads to problems and BSoD.
When a BSoD occurs, the only thing that helps is restarting the computer, as a result of which all unsaved user data will be lost.
The user has the option to manually trigger the BSoD. This is only done if there is no other way to detect a system malfunction. To call BSoD, it is possible to assign a specific combination of hot keys. Therefore, under unfavorable circumstances, the user may inadvertently cause a BSoD to appear.
The manual BSoD procedure should not be abused to avoid loss of information or software problems. In addition, a blue screen of death caused artificially will not display needed by the user information. You may also encounter difficulties in the hardware dependence of this procedure: in particular, there are restrictions on calling BSoD from keyboards that have USB connector. More information about inducing a blue screen of death can be obtained from Microsoft document Q244139.
So, the blue screen of death appears, what should you do in this case? The only thing you can do is this moment- this is to reboot. Further, if you are a fairly experienced user and are not afraid of working with debuggers, then there is a solution. To determine the cause of BSoD, Microsoft has developed a comprehensive solution Debugging Tools for Windows with support for 32 and 64-bit OS, which is included in Microsoft SDK for Windows.
Causes of the Blue Screen of Death
Change BIOS settings, done in haste may also be the cause occurrence of BSoD. If you don't remember exactly what changes you made (especially if you made multiple changes), then the best solution To avoid the blue screen of death error, you will need to set the BIOS settings to the default state.
There are viruses that are designed to attack the master boot record (MBR), as well as boot sector. They can also cause problems and blue screen of death errors. You can check your computer for viruses by booting from a recovery disk with installed antivirus. Many antivirus development companies, such as Kaspersky Lab, offer in their solutions the function of creating a CD from an existing distribution. In addition, you can download a ready-made image from the company’s servers. You can also check the MBR status of your antivirus AVZ utility. You can read more about working with the utility at the link.
Problems with RAM. Diagnostics
Often faulty and sometimes unequal RAM modules can cause the Blue Screen of Death error to occur. If you notice that after installing, reinstalling, or replacing RAM modules, the OS does not boot or a blue screen of death appears, you can try putting the memory modules in other DIMM slots or swapping DDR sticks - this often solves the memory problem. However, the problems may lie elsewhere, and the cause of this can be identified by diagnosing the RAM using a standard test tool Windows memory. The utility is available in Windows 7 and Vista (for Windows XP you can use the Windows Memory Diagnostic utility)
Let's see how the diagnostic tool works:
2. In the window that opens, select “Windows Memory Checker” from the list (usually the third one from the bottom).
3. In a new window, Windows will ask you to choose from two options: “Restart and scan (recommended)” and “Scan the next time you turn on the computer.”
4. Close, that's it open source software to make sure you don't lose any data, and click "Reboot and check (recommended)."
The computer restarts and the memory test begins. Typically the test is performed in two passes. The screen shows both the percentages for the current pass and the final ones. Once the test is completed, it will reboot and present the test results.
Rice. 3. Checking your computer for memory problems There is another possibility - to test the status of the RAM with boot disk(Windows Vista and Windows 7 only). For this:
1. Go to the BIOS and set the CD-ROM (DVD-ROM) as the first boot device in the BOOT menu, then exit the BIOS, saving the settings.
2. After the reboot, the bootloader will display the message “Press any key to boot from CD”, press any key.
3. Wait while Windows downloads the files. In the Windows Setup window, click Next.
4. Select "System Restore", wait.
5. Leave all the settings in the “System Recovery Options” window as default (“Use recovery tools...”) and click “Next”.
6. From the list provided, select “Windows Memory Diagnostics”.
7. In the new window, select 1 of 2 options. For example, "Reboot and check (recommended)" to start checking memory immediately.
The computer will reboot and the memory test will begin.
Hard drive diagnostics
Problems with the hard drive (HDD) can also cause the Blue Screen of Death error. Utility Windows CHKDSK allows you to check your hard drive for errors and bad sectors. Using this utility it is possible to restore damaged HDD sectors. To run the scan, follow these steps:
1. Open Windows Explorer.
2. Right-click on the partition you want to check and select “Properties”.
3. In the new window, select the “Service” tab.
4. At the top of the tab, click on the “Run check” button.
5. A new window “Check disk “Disk name”” will open. The user can choose 1 of 4 options for checking the disk, depending on which items he checks. If you just want to know if your disk has errors, uncheck the top box. In that Windows case will not fix system errors. You can also conduct a comprehensive study and restore damaged HDD sectors by selecting both options. Attention! Windows will not be able to automatically correct system errors and restore damaged sectors while the selected partition is active, i.e., in use. Therefore, a system reboot may be required to complete the test. In this case, in the warning window that appears, click on the “Schedule disk check” button. After the PC restarts, the disk check and user-selected actions will be performed. To get more detailed information For information on how to use the CHKDSK utility, check out this .
6. Click the “Launch” button and wait for the test results.
After checking, a new window will display both brief and detailed information about the status of the tested partition.
Rice. 4. Check the hard drive If CHKDSK utility has done its job, but disk errors occur again, you can conduct more in-depth testing. To do this, you will need to resort to utilities developed by hard drive vendors.
In addition to the ability to diagnose the condition from the outside disk drive, all modern HDDs and SSDs (solid-state drives) are manufactured with the manufacturer’s ability to self-monitor and self-test their condition, as well as estimate the time of expected failure of the device. This is S.M.A.R.T technology. To access the diagnostic data of this technology, you need to use one of the programs that can read the data transmitted by the disk controller program. There are paid and free programs with support for this possibility. One of the modern free software is CrystalDiskInfo
Rice. 5. S.M.A.R.T. using CrystalDiskInfo As you can see in the screenshot, the program provides all the data on the disk, including its current temperature, the number of starts, and the total number of operating hours. Below in the list are technical data that can be used to judge the physical wear of the disk. Current and worst values - real indicators of this disk at the moment and ever, respectively. The threshold is a value below which the manufacturer of a given hard drive cannot guarantee stable and uninterrupted operation of the device.
Despite the seeming flawlessness of the technology, in practice many companies and individuals complain that hard drive failure often occurs with normal S.M.A.R.T. Therefore, you can trust this technology only with an eye to the possible erroneousness of the data, which, nevertheless, does not detract from all the advantages of this technology.
Memory dump
For a qualitative perception of the information below, let’s define the concept of a memory dump. Memory dump - the contents of the working memory of one process, kernel or entire OS. A memory dump contains technical information about the state of a system or an individual program.
It should also be noted that memory dumps come in different forms.
By default, in modern operating systems such as Windows XP/Vista/7 (from now on we will only consider these Windows operating systems as the most common), when the blue screen of death appears and you reboot the computer, a debugging information record is created in the kernel memory dump file MEMORY. DMP. It will contain all the necessary information sufficient to diagnose the cause of the failure and prevent it in the future.
Full memory dump contains comprehensive information about the system status and problems. The OS also saves this information to the MEMORY.DMP file by default.
A small memory dump can be used to create a dump file. It contains only general system information, which is often not enough to correctly diagnose the cause of the blue screen of death error. It is appropriate to create a small memory dump file only in cases where disk space is extremely limited. If you have no difficulty with disk space, then it is better not to use a small memory dump to create a dump file.
So, by default, when Windows XP/Vista/7 crashes, it creates a memory dump file MEMORY.DMP and writes debugging information and parameters of the crash into it. The MEMORY.DMP dump file is then saved to the %SystemRoot%. Subsequently, the dump file can be sent to the developers to find out the cause of the BSoD.
The user can also do self-configuration conservation technical information in case of system failure. Let's configure the OS recovery options. To do this, we sequentially perform the following steps:
If you are using Windows 7 or Windows Vista:
1. Go to “Start”, “Control Panel” and select “System” or right-click on the “Computer” icon and select “Properties”.
2. At the bottom of the left column, click “Advanced system settings”.
3. Go to the “Advanced” tab.
If you have Windows XP, then do everything the same, except for the 2nd step.
Rice. 6. Configuring OS recovery parameters The new “Boot and Recovery” window presents OS boot parameters and actions if it fails. Here you can select the most appropriate recovery options after a BSoD. In particular, the user can select from which memory dump the dump file will be written. And also change the name of this file and the directory where it will be saved. Note that you should not change the name of the dump file if you intend to subsequently send it to Microsoft or other developers for analysis.
1. The problem of compatibility of computer hardware drivers, although not the only one, is the main reason why the blue screen of death appears. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly update your computer's device drivers. Moreover, what is important, this should be done only from the official websites of hardware manufacturers or from the websites of their partners. Otherwise, you risk getting a virus or a malfunction of the device for which the driver is intended.
2. Install software products only well-known and well-established companies that value their reputation and are responsible for the stable and uninterrupted operation of their software.
3. Be sure to download everything Latest updates programs and OS to eliminate incompatibilities and vulnerabilities. The blue screen of death also appears when a program cannot interact correctly with the system kernel: this can be incorrectly written code, leading, for example, to a loop, or vulnerabilities through which viruses, exploits, rootkits and other infections can penetrate into the program code, capable of, among other things, damaging hardware.
4. Viruses are one of the possible causes of BSoD. For stable operation of the OS and programs, use good antivirus with a firewall (firewall) or a comprehensive Internet Security class solution.
5. If the blue screen of death error occurs and appears frequently, trust the solution to the problem to specialists if you yourself are not 100% confident in your abilities. There is absolutely no advertising in this. The point is that if you use licensed software, you are entitled to free technical support. In addition, in addition to Microsoft Corporation, today such services are provided, for example, by some antivirus developers.
6. When a BSoD appears and the computer is subsequently restarted, all unsaved data is lost. To ensure the security of your information, please follow backup your data to external drives.
7. Computers, like people, do not last forever. They also get sick, grow old and die. Computers that are too old and obsolete can jeopardize your work efficiency. Moreover, a computer should give its user pleasure, and if it constantly fails, which is more typical for an experienced PC, then there is no need to talk about it. Blue screens of death appear more often on obsolete computers, when hardware developers stop supporting their products.
8. Computers need cleaning. It is necessary not only to wipe and air out the computer components, but also to clean the system of accumulating temporary OS files and programs, as well as other information garbage that is of no value. This can also prevent BSoD.
Take another look at the BSoD images at the beginning of the article. The main purpose of the blue screen of death is to warn the user about problems with his computer and prevent possible negative consequences. Therefore, there is no need to be afraid of BSoD, but you need to think in this way: blue screen of death, what to do? And then you need to work with this problem until it is eliminated.
I hope, dear readers, you liked the article and found it useful. Health to you and your computer!
Most likely, you have noticed more than once that when your computer crashes, the next boot appears. blue screen, and there are a lot of incomprehensible English words on it.
Has this ever happened? I'm sure so!
When newbies see this state of their computer, they usually get scared. But things are not always so scary. In this article, we will look at two types of blue screens and understand the situation, why they appear and how they can be dangerous.
Let's first consider appearance these blue screens. As I already said, there are two main ones that may appear when working at a computer.
Blue screen when checking disk:
If you experience such a blue screen, then you don’t need to worry too much. It appears most often when the computer is turned off incorrectly, when, for example, we turned it off without “ Start – Shut down computer", and from the outlet or during power outages.
There's nothing wrong with this. After the next boot of the computer, a special program is launched to check disks. It is built into Windows, called Chkdsk, and runs automatically after computer failures, an example of which we looked at just above.
What is he doing Chkdsk program?
She checks the hard drive for errors and corrects them if they exist, and they could have arisen as a result of a computer failure.
The disk checking procedure occurs in five stages, at each stage we can see progress as a percentage.
If you get a blue disk check screen, then it’s better to just wait until the program Chkdsk will check disks for errors and if they are, it will fix it, although you can interrupt this procedure if you press the Esc key immediately after such a screen appears.
If such a blue screen appears rarely for you, then I see no reason to worry, but if it occurs frequently, I would recommend that you definitely do backup copy important data, try, and as a last resort change the hard drive.
Now let's move on to the second blue screen.
They call it the “blue screen of death”:
Blue screen of death most often appears suddenly when working at a computer and indicates that there is some kind of system error, which Windows cannot fix itself. To avoid more serious problems, Windows shuts itself down and a blue screen of death appears. In this case, we can only restart the computer by pressing the Reset button on the system unit.
In some cases, a few seconds after the blue screen appears, it may reboot itself. When such a screen appears, all the data that we have not currently saved: Word documents, text in notepad, etc. unfortunately they will be lost.
Whenever blue screen of death The system tells us the error code that caused it so that we can try to fix the problem ourselves. But it is unlikely that we will be able to solve this problem ourselves, especially if we are new to these matters, since it is difficult even for an advanced user.
It is worth saying that when such a blue screen occurs, the system writes an error code to a special system log and creates a special file, and places all the data in it, which describes the problem in detail. This may be necessary for a specialist who will solve the problem.
Let's look at the most common reasons, Why does the blue screen of death occur?. This could be due to drivers. For example, when some others are installed instead of the native ones and they are not compatible with the operating system or our equipment. The cause may also be overheating of components or incorrect operation of programs.
Here we will not touch on all the details of the analysis of various error codes that are caused by the Blue Screen of Death, because this is a very large topic and not at all for novice computer users.
But if you still decide to figure out on your own why you are getting such a blue screen, then you need write down the error code the next time the blue screen of death appears, and start searching on the Internet.
If you encountered such an error, then I am sure that someone else has already encountered it. Read on the Internet what people write on forums, what they recommend, which can cause a blue screen with an error like yours.
If you do not have time to write down the error code due to the fact that the computer immediately reboots, then you need to make sure that it does not do this.
To do this, we right-click on the Mock Computer icon and select Properties from the list that appears.
In the window that opens, go to the Advanced tab, in the section click the Options button.
In the window that opens, uncheck the box next to the item Perform automatic reboot, make sure that the remaining parameters are set as in the picture and then click OK.
Now our computer will not reboot if it crashes and the blue screen of death appears. We need to write out everything that is indicated on the blue screen in the Technical Information section.
This is the most important data for figuring out the problem.
In addition to the fact that we can see this error on a blue screen, it is also recorded in a memory dump. This file with the dmp extension is stored in the folder by default:
C:\WINDOWS\Minidump.
To find out and eliminate the cause of the blue screen of death, this data is usually enough.
This concludes this article! Finally, I want to tell you that it will be very difficult for a beginner to understand such problems. But if you are confident in yourself, then you will succeed! On the Internet you will find a lot of information on any of your mistakes.
It may even be enough to solve your problem by simply reinstalling an incompatible driver, solving the problem of video card overheating, and so on.
Almost every user has, if not encountered, then certainly heard about such a thing as the “Windows blue screen of death.” This topic is extensive, so read carefully! In the article we will discuss what a blue screen of death is, what to do in this situation, and of course, I will try to show everything clearly. The name for this phenomenon was invented just right - frightening and memorable. In today's article I will consider in detail the causes of the blue screen of death, as well as possible solutions this problem.
Blue Screen of Death is a serious problem that baffles PC users. Before you start reading the article, I recommend that you put all your affairs aside and so that no one distracts you. If you understand the essence of the occurrence and solution to this problem, then in practice it will be much easier. I have been approached with this problem more than once, and there have even been situations when in their practice administrators did not know what to do when a blue screen occurred. In return, they told users that they needed to replace the system unit completely. WHAT? If you were told so, then take the noodles off your ears and read the article to the end.
What is this error
As a result of a problem, the operating system (OS), being unable to correct the error on its own, urgently shuts down. Naturally, no user data is saved (open documents, etc.). The only thing Windows manages to do is write information in the log and create a dump file, if the settings indicate the creation of this file when such errors occur.
To avoid unfair accusations against Windows, I’ll immediately make a disclaimer: the blue screen of death does not appear without serious reasons, and shutting down in such a situation is the only way out.
The blue screen of death looks like this:
From the screenshot, I think it’s clear where the word “blue” came from in the title. As for “death,” this means the death of the operating system, that is, its inevitable reboot, and in some cases, reinstallation. In practice, most causes of blue screens of death can be successfully eliminated without reinstalling the OS, provided, of course, that the response is timely and correct. The most important thing is to understand where the legs come from. I mean that if you don’t know why the blue screen of death appears, then it’s difficult to solve the problem.
What does Windows tell us on the terrible blue screen of death?
To make it easier to understand, I will conditionally divide it into several blocks and describe each one separately (for those who know English language, understanding most of it on your own will not be difficult).
1. Here Windows reports that a problem has been found, and to prevent damage to the computer, it was necessary to urgently shut down the system.
2. The type of error is indicated here. There are a limited number of them, and for each such error, information can be easily found on the Internet.
3. In this part, the OS reports possible reasons occurrence of the problem, and also gives some recommendations for troubleshooting.
4. In the section called “Technical information” the error code is indicated, and it is also possible to indicate the name of the problematic driver (more details below).
After viewing the blue screen, you should understand what the error is or find out about the file that may be listed on the screen.
Causes of Blue Screen of Death
The Blue Screen of Death can appear for various reasons.
The most common reason is drivers. This includes drivers that are incompatible with each other or with the operating system, and other failures associated with them.
I have a little story for this case, this information not only so that you honor it and forget!!! With this story, you will learn how to solve the Blue Screen of Death problem.
I once worked as an administrative assistant and maintained a fleet of 80 computers. Almost 20 computers experienced a blue screen of death from time to time. When I asked the administrator about the reasons for this misfortune, he just shrugged his shoulders and said that he didn’t understand what was going on at all (I think he just didn’t want to figure it out). After his answer, I became interested in finding the essence of the problem myself.
First of all, I looked at what error appeared on the screen, then wrote down on a piece of paper the error code and the name of the file that the blue screen of death pointed to. After wandering around the Internet a little, I found out that this file is used for Wi-Fi adapters. After that, I did a short walk around the problem computers and made sure that they were all really working on the network via Wi-Fi adapters.
Next, I decided to find out what drivers the administrator installs when connecting these devices. His answer left me stumped. It turned out that he installed the drivers that came with the equipment. After that, I spent 2 hours, but still found a topic that interested me on the Internet. It turned out that these particular devices are buggy with standard drivers.
It's strange, because D-link company, is considered one of the best, but in reality it turns out that it supplies drivers for adapters that do not work with them. At that time, a topic with a similar problem had already been created on the d-link manufacturer’s forum. And for about 2 years now, many users of these adapters have had this problem.
To get out of our situation, it was decided to use other drivers (from other developers). We installed them on the problem computer and asked the user to be sure to notify us if a blue screen of death appears. Of course, I didn’t know which drivers to install instead of the official ones. After reading completely all the topics on the forum, I found a dozen reviews that tried a different driver (I don’t remember which one now) and this problem was solved for them.
A few days later he still didn’t call or visit us, which means that no more problems arose! After making sure that everything was fine with his computer, we installed this driver on all computers and users breathed a sigh of relief.
Problems with computer hardware.
Often problems with hardware are more of a consequence, but the cause may be overheating of components. This also includes self-inflicted problems with hardware, RAM or hard drive.
Problems with programs.
The screen of death can be caused by antivirus applications and various emulators. Also, sometimes the blue screen of death is caused by viruses; this doesn’t happen often, but it also happens.
What do we have to do
First, you need to prepare in advance for potential problems. Windows is configured by default so that the screen of death appears for just a couple of seconds, after which the computer automatically restarts.
However, this does not give us the opportunity to have time to record error data, which does not suit us at all.
Note: If it does not reboot automatically, then use the “Power” button.
It will be enough for us to configure Windows so that it does not automatically reboot. Thus, we can understand why the blue screen of death appears. Since in this error you can read the error code or file that is to blame for the blue screen of death. After this, the Internet will help us. To set this up you need to do the following:
On Windows XP: “Start” - “Settings” - “Control Panel” - “System” - “Advanced” - “Boot and Recovery” - “Settings” - “System Failure”. In the window that appears, you need to uncheck the “Perform automatic reboot” checkbox, and in the “Record debugging information” block, select “Small memory dump”, and click the “OK” button.
In Windows Vista/7: “Start” – “Control Panel” – “System and Security” – “System” – “Advanced system settings”. In the window that appears, select the “Advanced” tab, the “Boot and Recovery” subsection, and click the “Options” button. All that remains is to uncheck “Perform automatic reboot”, enable a small memory dump and click “OK”.
You can also get to this window by right-clicking on “Computer” - select “Properties” - on the left click “Advanced system settings” - go to the “Advanced” tab - for me this method seems easier.
Secondly, when the blue “enemy” first appears, you need to write down the data from the blue screen on paper. This data can help in finding the cause of the problem.
Well, thirdly, let’s show you how to remove the blue screen of death.
You need to understand that the death screen appears much more often after some user action than on its own. Therefore, the first thing to do is to try to return the computer to the state in which it worked stably.
If no special manipulations were carried out with the computer, that is, you were just working, and suddenly “He” appeared, you will have to look for answers on the Internet. Since the most common cause of BSOD is drivers, the first priority is to find the name of the faulty driver.
If the information was indicated on the death screen itself, then in this case we only need to find a description of the error or problem that the driver caused. To do this, simply enter in any search engine the name of the known faulty file. This way we will find out what kind of file it is. For example, if this file is needed for the video card to work, then you need to remove the video card drivers and download a new one from the office. manufacturer's website.
Otherwise, the search must begin with the data that you have transcribed manually. Using this information, you can roughly navigate the possible causes. If we couldn’t find out anything useful, we move on to analyzing the memory dump.
Do not install various assemblies that were made by unknown authors. If your neighbor Uncle Vasya even advised you to install his assembly, then my advice to you is - DO NOT DO THAT! It is better to install a full-fledged original Windows distribution and you will be happy.
If problems with drivers have not been identified, you need to check the hardware components of the computer, which may be the cause of the blue screen of death. First of all, this is RAM, hard drive or overheating of any system components (video card or processor). You can use the AIDA program to check the temperature.
If you think that the problem is with the hardware, then borrow this part from your friend from his computer and install it on yours. Once you are sure that this particular part is working unstable on your computer, you can then buy it in the store.
To test RAM, I recommend the MemTest86 program, and for hard checks disk Victoria program(I will describe a detailed discussion of the operation of these programs in separate articles). In addition, it would not hurt to conduct a full virus scan by first updating the virus signature database.
Let me remind you that a dump is a file that is created when a problem occurs and contains detailed description the state of the system at the time the error occurred, and therefore can tell about the cause of the failure.
Let's imagine a situation where your friend has a blue screen of death. He does not understand what it is and why the blue screen of death appeared. Naturally, he turns off the computer and tries to find out from his friends what it was. Of course, he didn’t write anything down on the piece of paper, that is, he doesn’t know what was written, but as you already know, in order to solve this problem you need to know why the error appeared.
That's exactly what it's for special programs, with which you can find out what the reason was. Now, even if you are in another city, you know how you can help your friend. You can use Debugging Tools for Windows or BlueScreenView to view the contents of the dump.
Let's use the BlueScreenView program as an example to figure out how to view dumps. You can download the utility from the link. If you need information from the official website, here is the link http://www.nirsoft.net/utils/blue_screen_view.html
Now run the file “BlueScreenView.exe”.
If there are no lines at the top, then there were no failures on your computer.
I didn't have the blue screen of death and so I had to borrow it ;). So now we have a dump that will help us understand how this program works.
To indicate the dump that I have, I need to make changes to the program. To do this, click “Settings” - “Advanced options” or “CRTL” + “O”.
Click “Browse” and indicate where our dump is located.
Note: If the program is on the problem computer, then nothing needs to be changed.
Now we see which files caused the error. Right-click on the line and select “Properties”.
How to install a driver and what is a driver."
I hope that now you will not have any difficulties in solving the blue screen of death problem.
See you soon!
A must-watch video, because there is something here that cannot be described in words: