By drawing up a report on practice, the student evaluates the results of the work and draws conclusions about his qualifications, knowledge and skills acquired at the university. For work to be accepted, it must not only be competent and meaningful. Completing a report in accordance with GOST will allow you to get an “excellent” or at least “good”.
Typically, the requirements for preparing a report are specified in manuals. If there are none left at the department or in the library, refer to the regulatory documents.
Does preparing a practice report according to GOST take a lot of time? Take advantage of other people's experience - download works that are relevant for the current year and see how they are designed. The main thing is that these examples themselves comply with the latest requirements.
Structure of the practice report
The report can contain up to 35-40 pages. In some cases, it is allowed to increase the volume to 45 pages. In this case, two or three pages are allocated for the introduction. The work can have up to four sections.
According to GOSTs, the practice report should have the following structure:
Sections and subsections in the report
The practice report is divided into sections and subsections. If necessary, items and lists are included in the work. Sections almost always start on a new sheet. They are numbered in Arabic numerals in order of priority. The title of the section is centered, using bold Times New Roman font (16 shingle).
Subsections are numbered with Arabic numerals. Capital letters are used for the names of sections, and lowercase letters for subsections (except for the first). The latter are aligned to the left using a red line. For subsections, use bold font (14 shingles).
It is advisable to keep the section titles as short as possible - words cannot be hyphenated. The same applies to subsections. The distance between the section title and the subsection title should be 8 mm.
Margins, Padding, and Pages
As mentioned earlier, the practice report is drawn up on A4 sheets. This requirement applies to all sheets in the work, including the title sheet. The sheets should not have frames or similar elements. There are enough indents: on the left - 30 mm, on the right - 10 mm, on top - 15 mm, on the bottom - 20 mm.
The pages are numbered, starting from the title page. There is no number on the title.
Graphics, tables and other elements
The practice report may contain graphic elements, tables and formulas. According to GOST, images, tables and diagrams can be placed:
- immediately after the paragraph in which the element is mentioned;
- on next page;
- in the application.
The first method is the most convenient: the person who starts reading the report will definitely not lose important data. He will immediately become familiar with all the graphic elements.
Formulas are placed immediately after the mention. They are aligned in the center.
The formula can be created using the Equation Editor and then inserted into the text of the work. Typically, 14 shingles are used for the symbols in the formula.
Requirements for the form of presentation of the report text
Certain symbols cannot be used in a practice report:
— diameter icon (the word “diameter” is written instead);
- the symbol “-” to indicate negative temperature (the word “minus” is written instead);
— indexes of standards without registration number;
— mathematical symbols<, >and = no numbers.
The practice report may have its own system of names or abbreviations, but only if there is a corresponding section. It should be placed before the table of contents.
Working on a practice report may seem hard and tedious, but it is not nearly as difficult as it seems. A text editor will make the task easier.
It is easier for a lazy or simply busy student to entrust the preparation of the report to the author of student works on the site. The main thing is to provide all the data.
GOST 7.32-2001
Group T62
INTERSTATE STANDARD
System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing
RESEARCH REPORT
Structure and design rules
System of standards on information, librarianship and publishing. The research report. Structure and rules of presentation
Text Comparison of GOST 7.32-2001 with GOST 7.32-2017, see the link.
- Database manufacturer's note.
____________________________________________________________________
ISS 01.140.20
OKSTU 0007
Date of introduction 2002-07-01
Preface
Preface
1 DEVELOPED by the All-Russian Institute of Scientific and technical information, All-Russian Scientific and Technical information center and the Interstate Technical Committee for Standardization MTK 191 "Scientific and technical information, library and publishing"
INTRODUCED by Gosstandart of Russia
2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Report of the Technical Secretariat No. 19 dated May 22, 2001)
The following voted for adoption:
State name | Name of the national standardization body |
The Republic of Azerbaijan | Azgosstandart |
Republic of Armenia | Armgosstandard |
Republic of Belarus | State Standard of the Republic of Belarus |
The Republic of Kazakhstan | Gosstandart of the Republic of Kazakhstan |
Republic of Kyrgyzstan | Kyrgyzstandard |
The Republic of Moldova | Moldovastandard |
Russian Federation | Gosstandart of Russia |
The Republic of Tajikistan | Tajikstandard |
Turkmenistan | Main State Service "Turkmenstandartlary" |
The Republic of Uzbekistan | Uzgosstandart |
3 Resolution of the State Committee Russian Federation on standardization and metrology dated September 4, 2001 N 367-st interstate standard GOST 7.32-2001 was put into effect directly as a state standard of the Russian Federation on July 1, 2002.
4 INSTEAD GOST 7.32-91
5 EDITION (January 2008) with Change No. 1, approved in June 2005 (IUS 12-2005), Amendment (IUS 5-2002)
1 area of use
This standard establishes general requirements for the structure and rules for the preparation of scientific and technical reports, as well as rules for those cases where a uniform registration procedure will facilitate the exchange of information, improving the processing of the report in the information system.
This standard applies to reports on fundamental, exploratory, applied research work (R&D) in all areas of science and technology, carried out by research, design, engineering organizations, higher educational institutions, research and production and production associations, industrial enterprises, joint-stock companies societies and other organizations.
The provisions of this standard can be used when preparing reports in other areas of scientific activity.
2 Normative references
This standard uses references to the following standards:
GOST 2.111-68 Unified system of design documentation. Standard control
GOST 7.1-2003 System of standards for information, library and publishing. Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and rules for drawing up
GOST 7.9-95 (ISO 214-76) System of standards for information, library and publishing. Abstract and annotation. General requirements
GOST 7.12-93 System of standards for information, library and publishing. Bibliographic record. Abbreviations of words in Russian. General requirements and rules
GOST 7.54-88 System of standards for information, library and publishing. Presentation of numerical data on the properties of substances and materials in scientific and technical documents. General requirements
GOST 8.417-2002 State system ensuring uniformity of measurements. Units of quantities
GOST 13.1.002-2003 Reprography. Micrography. Documents for microfilming. General requirements and standards
GOST 15.011-82* System for developing and putting products into production. Procedure for conducting patent research
_________________
* GOST R 15.011-96 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation.
GOST 9327-60 Paper and paper products. Consumer formats
Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards on the territory of the state using the corresponding index of standards and classifiers compiled as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding information indexes published in the current year. If the reference document is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replaced (changed) standard. If the reference document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference to it is given applies to the part that does not affect this reference.
3 General provisions
3.1 Research report - a scientific and technical document that contains systematized data on scientific research work, describes the state of a scientific and technical problem, the process and/or results of scientific research.
3.2 Based on the results of the research work, a final report on the work as a whole is drawn up. In addition, interim reports can be drawn up for individual stages of research work, which is reflected in the Terms of Reference for research work and in the research work schedule.
3.3 The executing organization is responsible for the reliability of the data contained in the report and for its compliance with the requirements of this standard.
3.4 The research report is subject to mandatory regulatory control in the performing organization. When carrying out standard control, it is recommended to follow GOST 2.111.
4 Structural elements of the report
The structural elements of the research report are:
- title page;
- list of performers;
- abstract;
- content;
- definitions;
- designations and abbreviations;
- introduction;
- main part;
- conclusion;
- list of sources used;
- applications.
Mandatory structural elements are allocated to the floor in bold. The remaining structural elements are included in the report at the discretion of the research performer, taking into account the requirements of sections 5 and 6.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, Amendment).
5 Requirements for the content of structural elements of the report
5.1 Title page
5.1.1 The title page is the first page of the research report and serves as a source of information necessary for processing and searching the document.
5.1.2 The title page contains the following information:
- name of the parent organization;
- name of the organization performing the research work;
- index of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC);
- codes of the Highest Classification Groups of the All-Russian Classifier of Industrial and Agricultural Products for Research and Development (VKGOKP), preceding the launch of products into production;
- numbers identifying the report;
- approval and approval stamps;
- name of the work;
- name of the report;
- type of report (final, interim);
- number (code) of the work;
- positions, academic degrees, academic titles, surnames and initials of the heads of the organization performing the research work, heads of the research work;
- place and date of preparation of the report.
5.1.3 If the research report consists of two or more parts, then each part must have its own title page corresponding to the title page of the first part and containing information related to this part.
5.1.4 The title page should be designed in accordance with 6.10.
5.2 List of performers
5.2.1 The list of performers must include the names and initials, positions, academic degrees, academic titles of research leaders, responsible executors, performers and co-executors who took a creative part in the work.
5.2.2 If the report was completed by one executor, then his position, academic degree, academic title, surname and initials should be indicated on the title page of the report.
5.2.3 The list of performers should be drawn up in accordance with 6.11.
5.3 Abstract
5.3.1 General requirements for the abstract of the research report - in accordance with GOST 7.9.
5.3.2 The abstract must contain:
- information about the volume of the report, the number of illustrations, tables, applications, the number of parts of the report, the number of sources used;
- list of keywords;
Abstract text.
5.3.2.1 The list of keywords should include from 5 to 15 words or phrases from the text of the report that best characterize its content and provide the possibility of information retrieval. Keywords are given in the nominative case and printed in capital letters on a line separated by commas.
5.3.2.2 The text of the abstract should reflect:
- object of research or development;
- Objective;
- method or methodology for carrying out the work;
- results of work and their novelty;
- main design, technological and technical-operational characteristics;
- degree of implementation;
- recommendations for implementation or results of implementation of research results;
- application area;
- economic efficiency or significance of the work;
- predictive assumptions about the development of the research object.
If the report does not contain information on any of the listed structural parts of the abstract, then it is omitted from the text of the abstract, while the sequence of presentation is preserved.
5.3.2.1, 5.3.2.2 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
5.3.3 An example of compiling an abstract is given in Appendix A.
5.4.2 When preparing a report consisting of two or more parts, each of them must have its own content. In this case, the first part contains the contents of the entire report indicating the part numbers, and the subsequent parts contain only the contents of the corresponding part. It is allowed in the first part, instead of the content of subsequent parts, to indicate only their names.
5.4.3 In a research report of no more than 10 pages, content may not be drawn up.
5.5-5.5.3 (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).
5.6 Definitions
5.6.1 The structural element “Definitions” contains the definitions necessary to clarify or establish the terms used in research work.
5.6.2 The list of definitions begins with the words: “In this research report, the following terms with corresponding definitions are used.”
5.7 Symbols and abbreviations
5.7.1 The structural element “Designations and abbreviations” contains a list of designations and abbreviations used in this research report.
5.7.2 (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).
5.7.3 It is allowed to provide definitions, designations and abbreviations in one structural element “Definitions, designations and abbreviations”.
5.8 Introduction
5.8.1 The introduction must contain an assessment current state scientific and technical problem being solved, the basis and initial data for developing the topic, justification for the need for research work, information about the planned scientific and technical level of development, about patent research and conclusions from them, information about metrological support for research work. The introduction should show the relevance and novelty of the topic, the connection of this work with other research works.
5.8.2 The introduction of the interim report on the research stage should indicate the goals and objectives of the research stage, their place in the implementation of research as a whole.
5.8.3 In the introduction of the final research report there is a list of the names of all prepared interim reports by stages and their inventory numbers.
5.9 Main part
5.9.1 The main part of the report contains data reflecting the essence, methodology and main results of the research work performed.
5.9.2 The main part must contain:
a) choice of direction of research, including justification for the direction of research, methods for solving problems and their comparative assessment, description of the selected general methodology for conducting research;
b) the process of theoretical and (or) experimental research, including determining the nature and content of theoretical research, research methods, calculation methods, justification for the need for experimental work, principles of operation of the developed objects, their characteristics;
c) generalization and assessment of research results, including assessment of the completeness of the solution to the problem and proposals for further areas of work, assessment of the reliability of the results obtained and the technical and economic efficiency of their implementation and their comparison with similar results of domestic and foreign work, justification for the need for additional research, negative results leading to the need to stop further research.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
5.9.3 The presentation of data on the properties of substances and materials in the report is carried out in accordance with GOST 7.54, units of physical quantities - in accordance with GOST 8.417.
5.10 Conclusion
The conclusion should contain:
- brief conclusions on the results of research work or its individual stages;
- assessment of the completeness of solutions to assigned tasks;
- development of recommendations and initial data on the specific use of research results;
- results of assessing the technical and economic efficiency of implementation;
- results of assessing the scientific and technical level of the completed research work in comparison with the best achievements in this field.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
5.11 List of sources used
The list should contain information about the sources used to compile the report. Information about sources is provided in accordance with the requirements of GOST 7.1.
5.12 Applications
5.12.1 It is recommended to include in the appendices materials related to the completed research work, which for some reason cannot be included in the main part.
Applications may include:
- intermediate mathematical proofs, formulas and calculations;
- tables of auxiliary digital data;
- test reports;
- description of equipment and instruments used in conducting experiments, measurements and tests;
- conclusion of metrological examination;
- instructions, methods developed during the research process;
- illustrations of an auxiliary nature;
- copies terms of reference for research work, work programs, contracts or other source documents for carrying out research work;
Protocol of consideration of the completed research work at the scientific and technical council;
Acts of implementation of research results, etc.
5.12.2 The appendices to the research report prior to putting the product into production must include a draft technical specification for the development (modernization) of the product or a document (application, protocol, contract, etc.) containing justified technical and economic requirements for the product.
5.12.3 The appendices to the report on research work, which includes patent research, must include a report on patent research, drawn up in accordance with GOST 15.011, a bibliographic list of publications and patent documents obtained as a result of research work, in accordance with GOST 7.1.
5.12.4 Applications should be prepared in accordance with 6.14.
6 Report formatting rules
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 The presentation of the text and the design of the report are carried out in accordance with the requirements of this standard. The pages of the text of the research report and the illustrations and tables included in the report must comply with A4 format in accordance with GOST 9327. A3 format may be used if available large quantity tables and illustrations in this format.
6.1.2 The research report must be completed in any printed way on a typewriter or using a computer and printer on one side of a sheet of white A4 paper with one and a half spacing. The font color must be black, the height of letters, numbers and other characters must be at least 1.8 mm (point size at least 12). Bold font is not used.
The text of the report should be printed, observing the following margin sizes: right - at least 10 mm, top and bottom - at least 20 mm, left - at least 30 mm.
It is allowed to use computer capabilities to focus attention on certain terms, formulas, theorems, using fonts of different typefaces.
6.1.1, 6.1.2 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.1.3 Regardless of the method of producing the report, the quality of the printed text and the design of illustrations, tables, and PC printouts must satisfy the requirement of their clear reproduction.
6.1.4 When running a report, it is necessary to maintain uniform image density, contrast and clarity throughout the entire report. The report must contain clear, non-blurry lines, letters, numbers and symbols.
6.1.5 Typos, clerical errors and graphic inaccuracies discovered during the preparation of the report may be corrected by erasing or painting over with white paint and applying the corrected text (graphics) in the same place using a typewritten method or with black ink, paste or ink - handwriting.
Damage to report sheets, blots and traces of incompletely removed previous text (graphics) are not allowed.
After making corrections, the document must meet the microfilming requirements established by GOST 13.1.002.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.1.6 Surnames, names of institutions, organizations, companies, names of products and other proper names are given in the report in the original language. It is allowed to transliterate proper names and provide the names of organizations translated into the language of the report with the addition (at the first mention) of the original name.
6.1.7 Abbreviation of Russian words and phrases in the report - according to GOST 7.12.
6.2 Report generation
6.2.1 The names of the structural elements of the report “LIST OF PERFORMERS”, “ABSTRACT”, “CONTENTS”, “DEFINITIONS”, “SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS”, “INTRODUCTION”, “CONCLUSION”, “LIST OF SOURCES USED”, “APPENDIX” serve as the headings of the structural elements report elements. Headings of structural elements should be placed in the middle of the line without a period at the end and printed in capital letters without underlining.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.2.2 The main part of the report should be divided into sections, subsections and paragraphs. Points, if necessary, can be divided into sub-points. When dividing the report text into paragraphs and subparagraphs, it is necessary that each paragraph contains complete information.
6.2.3 Sections, subsections, paragraphs and subparagraphs should be numbered in Arabic numerals and written in paragraph indentation.
Sections must be sequentially numbered throughout the text, with the exception of appendices.
Example
- 1, 2, 3, etc.
The subsection or paragraph number includes the section number and the serial number of the subsection or paragraph, separated by a dot.
Example
- 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc.
The subclause number includes the number of the section, subsection, clause and the serial number of the subclause, separated by a dot.
Example
- 1.1.1.1, 1.1.1.2, 1.1.1.3, etc.
There is no dot after the number of the section, subsection, paragraph or subparagraph in the text.
If the text of the report is divided only into paragraphs, they should be numbered, with the exception of appendices, by serial numbers within the entire report.
If a section or subsection has only one paragraph or a paragraph has one subparagraph, then it should not be numbered.
6.2.4 Sections and subsections must have headings. As a rule, paragraphs do not have headings. Headings should clearly and concisely reflect the content of sections and subsections.
6.2.5 Headings of sections, subsections and paragraphs should be printed in paragraph indentation with a capital letter without a period at the end, without underlining.
If the title consists of two sentences, they are separated by a period.
6.3 Report page numbering
6.3.1 The pages of the report should be numbered in Arabic numerals, observing continuous numbering throughout the text of the report. The page number is placed in the center of the bottom of the sheet without a dot.
6.3.2 The title page is included in the overall page numbering of the report. The page number is not indicated on the title page.
6.3.3 Illustrations and tables located on separate sheets are included in the overall page numbering of the report.
Illustrations and tables on A3 sheet are counted as one page.
6.4 Numbering of sections, subsections, paragraphs, subparagraphs of the report
6.4.1 Sections of the report must have serial numbers within the entire report, indicated in Arabic numerals without a dot and written in paragraph indentation. Subsections must be numbered within each section. The subsection number consists of the section and subsection numbers separated by a dot. There is no dot at the end of the subsection number. Sections, like subsections, can consist of one or more paragraphs.
6.4.2 If the report does not have subsections, then the numbering of paragraphs in it should be within each section, and the paragraph number should consist of the section and paragraph numbers separated by a dot. There is no dot at the end of the item number.
Example
1 Types and main sizes
2 Technical requirements
|
If the report has subsections, then the numbering of paragraphs must be within the subsection and the paragraph number must consist of the section, subsection and paragraph numbers separated by dots, for example:
3 Test methods
3.1 Apparatus, materials and reagents
| Numbering of paragraphs of the first subsection of the third section of the report |
3.2 Preparation for the test
|
6.4.3 If a section consists of one subsection, then the subsection is not numbered. If a subsection consists of one paragraph, then the paragraph is not numbered.
6.4.1-6.4.3 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.4.4 If the text of the report is divided only into paragraphs, then they are numbered with serial numbers within the entire report.
6.4.5 Clauses, if necessary, can be divided into subclauses, which must be numbered within each clause, for example 4.2.1.1, 4.2.1.2, 4.2.1.3, etc.
6.4.6 Listings may be provided within clauses or subclauses.
Each item in the enumeration must be preceded by a hyphen. If it is necessary to refer in the text of the report to one of the elements of the enumeration, instead of a hyphen, lowercase letters are placed in the order of the Russian alphabet, starting with the letter a (with the exception of the letters е, з, й, о, х, ъ, ы, ь).
To further detail the listings, it is necessary to use Arabic numerals, after which a parenthesis is placed, and the entry is made with a paragraph indentation, as shown in the example.
Example
A)__________________
| |||
b)_________________
| |||
1)______________
| |||
2)______________
| |||
V)_________________ | |||
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.4.7 If the report consists of two or more parts, each part must have its own serial number. The number of each part should be written in Arabic numerals on the title page, indicating the type of report, for example, “Part 2”.
6.4.8 Each structural element of the report should start from a new sheet (page).
6.4.9 The numbering of pages of the report and appendices included in the report must be continuous.
6.5 Illustrations
6.5.1 Illustrations (drawings, graphs, diagrams, computer printouts, diagrams, photographs) should be placed in the report immediately after the text in which they are mentioned for the first time, or on the next page.
Illustrations can be computer-generated, including color.
All illustrations must be referenced in the report.
6.5.2 Drawings, graphs, diagrams, diagrams, illustrations placed in the report must comply with the requirements of state standards of the Unified System of Design Documentation (ESKD).
It is allowed to make drawings, graphs, diagrams, diagrams using computer printing.
6.5.3 Photographs smaller than A4 size must be pasted onto standard sheets of white paper.
6.5.4 Illustrations, with the exception of illustrations of applications, should be numbered with Arabic numerals and continuous numbering.
If there is only one drawing, then it is designated “Figure 1”. The word “drawing” and its name are placed in the middle of the line.
6.5.5 It is allowed to number illustrations within a section. In this case, the illustration number consists of the section number and the serial number of the illustration, separated by a dot. For example, Figure 1.1.
6.5.6 Illustrations, if necessary, may have a name and explanatory data (text below the figure). The word “Figure” and the name are placed after the explanatory data and arranged as follows: Figure 1 - Device details.
6.5.7 Illustrations of each application are designated by separate numbering in Arabic numerals with the addition of the application designation before the number. For example, Figure A.3.
6.6 Tables
6.6.1 Tables are used for better clarity and ease of comparison of indicators. The name of the table, if available, should reflect its content, be accurate, and concise. The name of the table should be placed above the table on the left, without indentation, on one line with its number separated by a dash.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.6.2 The table should be placed in the report immediately after the text in which it is mentioned for the first time, or on the next page.
6.6.4 A table with a large number of rows can be transferred to another sheet (page). When transferring part of a table to another sheet (page), the word “Table”, its number and name are indicated once on the left above the first part of the table, and above the other parts the words “Continuation of the table” are also written on the left and the table number is indicated.
Table with big amount The graph can be divided into parts and placed one part under the other within the same page. If the rows and columns of the table go beyond the page format, then in the first case the head is repeated in each part of the table, in the second case the side is repeated. When dividing a table into parts, it is allowed to replace its head or side with the number of columns and rows, respectively. In this case, the columns and (or) rows of the first part of the table are numbered with Arabic numerals.
If the text repeated in different lines of a table column consists of one word, then after the first writing it can be replaced with quotation marks; if it consists of two or more words, then at the first repetition it is replaced with the words “The same”, and then with quotation marks. Putting quotation marks instead of repeating numbers, marks, signs, mathematical and chemical symbols is not allowed. If digital or other data is not given in any row of the table, then a dash is placed in it.
6.6.5 Digital material is usually presented in the form of tables. An example of table design is shown in Figure 1.
Table_________________ _ ____________________ |
|
Picture 1
6.6.6 Tables, with the exception of appendix tables, should be numbered with Arabic numerals and continuous numbering.
It is allowed to number tables within a section. In this case, the table number consists of the section number and the table sequence number, separated by a dot.
The tables of each application are designated by separate numbering in Arabic numerals with the addition of the application designation before the number.
If there is one table in the report, it should be designated “Table 1” or “Table B.1” if it is given in Appendix B.
6.6.4-6.6.6 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.6.7 Headings of columns and table rows should be written with a capital letter in the singular, and column subheadings with a lowercase letter if they form one sentence with the heading, or with a capital letter if they have an independent meaning. There are no periods at the end of headings and subheadings of tables.
6.6.8 Tables on the left, right and bottom are usually limited by lines. It is allowed to use a font size in the table that is smaller than in the text.
Dividing the headings and subheadings of the sidebar and column with diagonal lines is not allowed.
Horizontal and vertical lines delimiting the rows of the table may not be drawn if their absence does not make it difficult to use the table.
Column headers are usually written parallel to the table rows. If necessary, perpendicular arrangement of column headings is allowed.
The head of the table should be separated by a line from the rest of the table.
6.6.9 (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).
6.7 Notesand footnotes
6.7.1 The word “Note” should be printed in capital letters from the paragraph and not underlined.
6.7.2 Notes are provided in reports if explanations or reference data are needed for the content of text, tables or graphic material.
6.7.3 Notes should be placed immediately after the text, graphic material or table to which these notes relate. The word “Note” should be capitalized, indented, and not underlined. If there is only one note, then a dash is placed after the word “Note” and the note is printed in capital letters. One note is not numbered. Several notes are numbered in order using Arabic numerals without a period. A table note is placed at the end of the table above the line indicating the end of the table.
Example
Note -_________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Several notes are numbered in sequence using Arabic numerals.
Example
Notes
1
____________________________________________________________________
2
____________________________________________________________________
3
____________________________________________________________________
6.7.2, 6.7.3 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.7.4 If additional explanation is necessary in the report, it can be presented in the form of a footnote. The footnote sign is placed immediately after the word, number, symbol, sentence to which an explanation is given. The footnote sign is performed in superscript Arabic numerals with a parenthesis. It is allowed to use asterisks “*” instead of numbers. More than three stars are not allowed on a page.
The footnote is placed at the end of the page with a paragraph indent, separated from the text by a short horizontal line to the left. A table footnote is placed at the end of the table above the line indicating the end of the table.
(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).
6.8 Formulas and equations
6.8.1 Equations and formulas should be separated from the text on a separate line. At least one free line must be left above and below each formula or equation. If the equation does not fit on one line, then it must be moved after the equal sign (=) or after the plus (+), minus (-), multiplication (x), division (:) or other mathematical signs, with the sign at the beginning the next line is repeated. When translating a formula onto a sign symbolizing the multiplication operation, use the “X” sign.
6.8.2 An explanation of the meanings of symbols and numerical coefficients should be given directly below the formula in the same sequence in which they are given in the formula.
6.8.3 Formulas in the report should be numbered sequentially throughout the entire report in Arabic numerals in parentheses at the extreme right of the line.
Example
One formula stands for - (1).
6.8.4 Formulas placed in appendices must be numbered separately in Arabic numerals within each appendix with the appendix designation added before each digit, for example formula (B.1).
6.8.6 Numbering of formulas within a section is allowed. In this case, the formula number consists of the section number and the serial number of the formula, separated by a dot, for example (3.1).
6.8.7 The order of presentation of mathematical equations in the report is the same as that of formulas.
6.8.8 Formulas and equations may be handwritten in black ink in the report.
6.9.1 Links to used sources should be indicated by the serial number of the bibliographic description of the source in the list of used sources. The reference number is enclosed in square brackets. References are numbered in Arabic numerals in the order in which references are given in the text of the report, regardless of the division of the report into sections.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.9.2 (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).
6.9.3 When referring to standards and technical specifications, only their designation is indicated, while it is possible not to indicate the year of their approval, provided that the standard and technical specifications are fully described in the list of sources used in accordance with GOST 7.1.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.9.4 (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).
6.10 Title page
6.10.1 The title page contains the details:
- the name of the superior organization or other structural entity, the system of which includes the executing organization, the name of the organization (including abbreviated);
- UDC index, VKG code of the All-Russian Product Classifier (OKP) (for reports on research work preceding the development and modernization of products) and the state registration number of research work, affixed by the executing organization, as well as the inscription “Inv. N” - these data are placed one under the other ;
- special marks (if the report contains numerical data on the properties of substances and materials, the abbreviation GSSSD - state standard reference data service) is placed in this part;
Approval stamp, approval stamp.
The approval stamp consists of the word “APPROVE”, position indicating the name of the organization, academic degree, academic title of the person who approved the report, personal signature, its transcript and the date of approval of the report. The seal of the organization that approved the report is also affixed here.
The approval stamp consists of the word “AGREED”, position indicating the name of the organization, academic degree, academic title of the person who approved the report, his personal signature, its transcript, the date of approval, and the seal of the approving organization.
If the approval was carried out by letter, the abbreviated name of the approving organization, the originating number and the date of the letter should be indicated.
In the details “approval stamp” and “approval stamp”, components consisting of several lines are printed with 1 line spacing, and the component parts themselves are separated from each other by 1.5 line spacing. In these details, the words “APPROVE” and “AGREED” can be centered within the attribute field.
Signatures and signature dates must be written in black ink or ink only.
The date is written in Arabic numerals in the following sequence: day of the month, month, year. The day of the month and month are represented by two pairs of Arabic numerals separated by a dot; year - four Arabic numerals. For example, the date April 10, 2000 should be formatted as: 04/10/2000.
A verbal-numeric method of formatting a date is allowed, for example: April 10, 2000. It is also allowed to format the date in the following sequence: year, month, day of the month, for example, 2000.04.10;
- the type of document is given in capital letters, the name of the program (research work) - in lowercase letters with the first capital, the name of the report - in capital letters, the type of report (interim or final) - in lowercase letters in parentheses.
If the name of the report coincides with the name of the program topic (research work), then it is printed in capital letters;
- code of the state scientific and technical program, code of work assigned by the implementing organization;
- positions, academic degrees, academic titles of the heads of the organization performing research work, heads of research work (if printed in several lines, then print with 1 line spacing), then leave a free field for personal signatures and place the initials and surnames of the persons who signed the report in one the signature line is marked with the dates of signing (if all the necessary signatures are not placed on the title page, they are transferred to an additional page of the title page). On the right top corner on the additional page indicate “Continuation of the title page”, and at the end of the first page on the right indicate “Continuation on the next sheet”;
City and year of report release. (Amendment).
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.10.2 Examples of title pages are given in Appendix B.
6.11 List of performers
6.11.1 Last names and initials, positions, academic degrees, academic titles in the list should be arranged in a column. On the left indicate the positions, academic degrees, academic titles of the head of the research work, responsible executors, performers and co-executors (if printed in several lines, then print with 1 line spacing), then leave a free field for original signatures, on the right indicate the initials and surnames of the performers and co-executors. Next to each name in parentheses you should indicate the number of the section (subsection) and the actual part of the work prepared by a specific performer. For co-executors, the name of the co-executing organization should also be indicated.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.11.2 An example of the list of performers is given in Appendix B.
6.12 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
The list should be arranged in a column. Abbreviations are listed on the left in alphabetical order, symbols, symbols, units of physical quantities and terms, on the right - their detailed explanation.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.13 List of sources used
Information about sources should be placed in the order in which references to sources appear in the text of the report and numbered in Arabic numerals without a period and printed with a paragraph indent.
6.14 Applications
6.14.1 The application is designed as a continuation of this document on its subsequent sheets or issued as a separate document.
6.14.2 In the text of the report, links to all applications must be given. Applications are arranged in the order of references to them in the text of the report.
6.14.3 Each application should start with new page indicating at the top in the middle of the page the word “Appendix”, its designation.
The application must have a title, which is written symmetrically relative to the text with a capital letter on a separate line.
6.14.4 Applications indicate in capital letters Russian alphabet, starting with A, with the exception of the letters , 3, И, О, Х, Ъ, И, ь. The word "Application" is followed by a letter indicating its sequence.
It is allowed to designate applications using letters of the Latin alphabet, with the exception of the letters I and O.
In the case of full use of the letters of the Russian and Latin alphabets, it is allowed to designate applications with Arabic numerals.
If there is one appendix in the report, it is designated "Appendix A".
6.14.2-6.14.4 (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
6.14.5 The text of each application, if necessary, can be divided into sections, subsections, paragraphs, subparagraphs, which are numbered within each application. The number is preceded by the designation of this application.
6.14.6 Applications must have continuous page numbering in common with the rest of the document.
6.14.7 An appendix or several appendices can be drawn up in the form of a separate report book, and the word “Appendix” should be written on the title page under the book number. If necessary, such an application may have a "Contents" section.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
APPENDIX A (for reference). An example of writing an abstract for a research report
APPENDIX A
(informative)
ABSTRACT
Report 85 pp., 2 hours, 24 figures, 12 tables, 50 sources, 2 appendices.
FLOW METERS, PISTON FLOW METERS, TACHOMETRIC FLOW METERS, MEASUREMENT, HIGH FLOWS, GASES
The object of the study is piston installations for accurately reproducing and measuring large gas flow rates.
The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for metrological studies of installations and non-standard equipment for their implementation.
During the work, experimental studies of individual components and the overall error of the installations were carried out.
As a result of the research, two reversible piston flowmeter installations were created for the first time: the first for flow rates up to 0.07 m/s, the second - up to 0.33 m/s.
Main design and technical and operational indicators: high measurement accuracy at high gas flow rates.
Degree of implementation - the second installation using the developed methodology is certified as exemplary.
The effectiveness of installations is determined by their small influence on the course of the measured processes. Both installations can be used for calibration and verification of industrial rotary gas meters, as well as tachometer flow meters.
APPENDIX A (Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
APPENDIX B (for reference). Examples of title pages
APPENDIX B
(informative)
Example 1 Title page of the research report
Ministry of General and Professional Education of the Russian Federation
UFA STATE AVIATION TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
UDC 378.14 | I APPROVED University Vice-Rector for Research N.S. Zhernakov |
|
"___" ______________ _______G. |
||
REPORT |
||
Socio-economic problems of training military specialists in civilian universities in Russia |
||
A scientific report on your research is no less important than a laboratory journal - it will help other researchers read your results. The purpose of the report is to present the purpose, progress and results of the experiment in a form in which they are most convenient for other people to understand and check. In particular, this also applies to reports on students’ laboratory work - they will be checked by teachers and used by other students.
An important property of a scientific (and any) report is
trust in him from readers. This means that the report must provide the experimental or statistical data on which your conclusions are based - if desired, the researcher can repeat the calculations and check their reliability and the adequacy of the results you obtained. Naturally, they must be completely double-checked before submitting the report to the scientific community (or teacher).
The report does not need to tell the entire story of obtaining the results, nor provide data from experiments that correspond to dead-end branches of research or are not important for the announced results. However, all relevant data must be presented, regardless of whether they testify for or against the theory presented.
When preparing a report, it is worth highlighting those experimental data, results and ideas that were obtained by other researchers and laboratories. Engage in plagiarism, i.e. it is unsafe to assign authorship to oneself - if caught, the researcher may consider his scientific career over, and the student may not expect a good grade (and,
he may have to redo the report).
The report should clearly highlight the following sections.
Report title– as a rule, is given on the title page.
Data about the research group who performed the experiment, and the laboratory (enterprise) in which it was carried out.
Purpose of research– the main objectives or the need to achieve certain results are briefly formulated.
Experimental data– by analogy with a laboratory journal; it is necessary to indicate the materials used, the conditions of conduction (temperature, pressure, tension magnetic field, rotation speed, etc.), duration and other parameters of the experiment important for its reproduction.
Theoretical calculations, allowing readers to understand the model functional dependencies within which the experimental data are interpreted.
Processing of experimental data– presentation of data in graphical form (more clear for understanding), assessment of parameters of functional dependencies,
their errors, statistical testing of hypotheses about the adequacy of the models used. When using software packages, indicate their name, version and values of numerical parameters used in data processing.
Research results– conclusions are provided about the confirmation or refutation of the hypotheses under consideration. Verbs should be used researched, verified, measured and so on.
Bibliography– bibliographic references to those books and articles from which experimental data, results or ideas were used. To record the results of a large number of measurements of the same type, it is convenient to use tables. With their help
it is possible to avoid unnecessary repeated recording of the designation of the measured quantity, units of measurement, scale factors used, etc. In tables, in addition to ex
experimental data, intermediate results of processing these data can be summarized. The dimensions of quantities and characteristic degrees are entered in the header of the table. Tables are drawn using a ruler and pencil (if the report is handwritten). The table indicates the serial number of each measurement.
More visual than tables are graphs of the dependences of the physical quantities under study. Graphs provide a visual representation of the relationship between quantities, which is extremely important when interpreting the data obtained, since graphic information is easily perceived, inspires more trust, and has significant capacity. Based on the graph, it is easier to draw a conclusion about the correspondence of theoretical concepts to experimental data.
When constructing a graph, the following characteristics should be taken into account.
Axles– graphs, with rare exceptions, are constructed in a rectangular coordinate system, where along the horizontal axis (axis
abscissa) they plot the argument, the independent quantity, and along the vertical axis (ordinate axis) – the function, the dependent quantity.
Axis scale– numerical value of a physical quantity corresponding to a unit segment. The axes do not have to contain the origin of coordinates - usually
there is a minimum and maximum value. If necessary, choose a logarithmic or double logarithmic scale.
Axis labels– name of the deferred value, scale factor.
Scale– labels for the axes in the form of a numerical scale, taking into account the scale factor. Usually some “round” numbers with a minimum of decimal places are selected.
Scale grid– for the convenience of determining the values of specific points, thin vertical and horizontal
tall lines that are continuations of marks
Experimental points– must be clearly visible. If several dependencies are shown on one graph, they should be highlighted with dots different types(circles, diamonds, squares, etc.).
Drawing curves– experimental points are connected by a smooth curve so that on average they are equally located on both sides of the drawn curve. If
If the mathematical description of the observed dependence is known, then the theoretical curve is drawn in exactly the same way. A correctly constructed curve should fill the entire field of the graph.
fic, which will be evidence of the correct choice of scales along each of the axes. If a significant part of the field is left blank, then you need to select again
scale and restructure dependency.
Measurement errors– two segments are constructed around the marked experimental point, parallel to the abscissa and ordinate axes. On the selected scale, the length of each
the segment should be equal to twice the error of the value plotted along the parallel axis. The center of the segment should be at the experimental point.
Name– under the graph there should be its name, explaining what the depicted dependence relates to.
All pages, tables, formulas, diagrams and graphs must be numbered(in order of use). The contents of the report are usually given at the beginning of the report. If
tables or graphs are of a significant size and interfere with the related perception of the text; they should be placed in Applications and provide a link to them in the text.
3.10. Implementation of the experimental plan
Before carrying out further investigations, it is necessary to carefully prepare: collect the latest settings, check and calibrate the equipment, prepare the output solution, and prepare a special journal. The journal is drawn up immediately in accordance with the methodology and plan of investigations so that the sequence of actions can be seen. On the top of the magazine, place a research method and select optimization parameters with designated dimensions. Next, adjust the factors and create a table of equal factors and boiling intervals from the designated units of their boiling. For the planning matrix, you need to manually flip the journal so that you can add it to the layout matrix, write down repeated notes and notes.
In order to turn off the biases when choosing the minds of the investigators, in the working matrix of planning it is necessary to enter not only the coded values of the factors, but also the natural ones. When the working matrix is folded, it is necessary to leave a place for stops, such as the dates of the investigation.
To turn off the influx of systematic abductions thought up by external minds, we recommend a random sequence when conducting follow-up investigations planned by the matrix (randolysis). To randomize the results, use the table of random numbers (ext. 6), or use the random numbers generator on EOM.
Let us introduce a simple example of randomization of minds to the experiment. In a double factorial experiment 2 3, the skin values of the optimization parameter are transferred to one another. It is necessary to gradually retouch all 8 traces. For this you need to quickly consult the table of random numbers (ext. 6). At the end of the table, write down numbers from 1 to 8 from the numbers greater than 8 and those already written down. In our case, starting from the fourth paragraph, we can achieve the following sequence: 2; 5; 8; 1; 3; 7; 4; 6.
This means that we are going to implement the investigation N~2, others N- 5 etc.
Having completed all the preparations, proceed before carrying out the experiment, and after completion - before processing the experimental results.
The report on educational practice is carried out in three sections:
Title page (Appendix 1);
Introduction;
Bibliography;
Applications, incl. review of the immediate superior from the enterprise (Appendix 2).
Introduction
In the introduction, it is necessary to formulate the role of the control center in ensuring the functioning of enterprises in the oil and gas production industry and the place of control of technological transport in the system of providing equipment to oil and gas production enterprises (oil and gas production enterprises).
general characteristics enterprises
Report on production practice carried out in three sections:
1. General characteristics of the enterprise.
3. Technology Maintenance and machine repair (at the student’s place of practice or according to options).
The option number is determined by the corresponding number in the grade book, the full number of which is given on the title page of the report (appendix).
Title page;
Introduction;
General characteristics of the enterprise.
Technology of machine maintenance and repair;
Bibliography;
Applications, incl. review from the immediate supervisor from the company.
Machine maintenance and repair technology
Provide a diagram of the technical process for the main divisions. Give a detailed answer with explanatory drawings, tables, diagrams to the question “Technology of work, sequence of operations”
Making a report
General requirements
The report is drawn up in accordance with GOST 7.32-91 in 1 copy.
The pages of the report text and the illustrations and tables included in it must comply with A4 format (297 210) in accordance with GOST 9327. Illustrations may be presented on A3 format sheets.
The report is submitted to text editor Times New Roman Cyr No. 14. The text is placed on the sheet observing the following margins in the “Page Settings” mode: top - 1 cm, bottom - 2 cm, left 2.5 cm, right - 1.5 cm. In the “Paragraph” mode (the “Format” menu), you need to set line spacing is “single”, “first line” is indented 1.27 mm. In this case, frames and stamps are not made on A4 sheets.
The number of characters per line (with spaces and punctuation marks) is set automatically in accordance with the parameters specified above.
Section names are typed in capital letters, bold font No. 14. Section headings are centered without a period at the end and printed in capital letters without underlining. There is a double line between the title and the text. The headings of subsections and paragraphs (subparagraphs) begin with a paragraph indentation and are printed starting with a capital letter, then - capital letters, without underlining without a dot at the end.
If the title includes several sentences, they are separated by periods. Hyphenations in headings are not allowed.
Individual words, formulas, and signs may only be entered into the printed text using black ink or ink.
Typos, clerical errors and graphic inaccuracies may be corrected by erasing or painting with a “stroke” and applying the corrected image in the same place either by typewriting or by hand with black ink or ink.
Surnames, names of institutions, organizations, companies, names of products and other proper names are given in the original language. It is allowed to translate proper names and provide the names of organizations translated into the language of the note with the addition (at the first mention) of the original name. The same is done with generally accepted abbreviations, for example: “... the aspect of the activities of the media (mass media) is relevant...”, or “.... the aspect of the activities of the mass media (mass media) is relevant...”, which allows in further narration, use abbreviated names (ATP ATS STO, etc.) Abbreviations of Russian words and phrases in the report according to the names GOST 7.12.