Correctly setting the router connection type. Home Net Telecom - HNT - Internet provider Maryino, Lyublino, Brateevo, Severnoe Chertanovo What type of wan connection

There are quite a large number of types of connections to the Internet provider. Below are the main ones:

1. Local network connection

In this case, the user connects via regular local network Ethernet. No additional connections or login/password entry is required. This type is further subdivided into:

a) Dynamic - DHCP or "dynamic". The simplest type, no settings are required and the user simply connects the computer with a cable, which receives all settings automatically

b) Static -"fixed IP address" or "static". In this case, preliminary configuration of the “Internet Protocol TCP/IPv4” parameters is required according to the settings provided by the provider and usually includes the IP address, subnet mask, gateway and DNS server(s). For example, this type is used by the TDS+ provider in Volokolamsk.

Sometimes both subtypes can be used binding by MAC address(in this case, the router is usually required to support the so-called MAC Cloning or MAC Spoofing - substituting or changing the MAC address on an Internet port).

2. VPN connection

In this case, the user connects via the so-called. VPN (virtual private network) with the need to specify a login and password. This type has divisions:

a) PPPoE. To connect to the Internet, you need to create a connection through the setup wizard by selecting “Connect to the Internet” -> “Set up a connection manually” and select PPPoE in the settings.

b) PPTP. To connect to the Internet, you need to create a connection through the setup wizard by selecting “Connect to a workplace” -> “Connect to a virtual private network (VPN)”, then specify the VPN server address.

c) L2TP. Another type of connection that is gaining popularity. The setup is similar to PPTP, only after creating a connection, you need to select “L2TP IPSec VPN” in its properties on the “Network” tab.

You can also find out the type of VPN connection by clicking on the connection icon in the tray (when the Internet is active) and selecting the “Details” tab.

3. Combined connection type

The most complex type, widespread, in fact, only in Russia (with rare exceptions). The bottom line is to combine a local network connection with a VPN connection to provide the so-called. Dual access— double access, i.e. access to the Internet and internal resources of the provider (peer-to-peer networks, IPTV, etc.). Accordingly, various combinations of (1) and (2) can be used, namely:

a) PPPoE + Dynamic. The Internet is provided via PPPoE, the local address in the provider’s network is obtained automatically. Usually, routes are also dynamically distributed for accessing certain resources through a particular interface (using the so-called DHCP option). For example, this type is used by the Chekhov provider Chehov.NET

b) PPPoE + Static. The Internet is provided via PPPoE, the local address in the provider’s network is set manually, statically. Routes are also registered manually using the “route add …” command in the “cmd” console.

c) PPTP + Dynamic. The Internet is provided via PPTP, the local address in the provider’s network is obtained automatically. Routes can similarly be distributed dynamically via the DHCP option or specified manually (rarely).

d) PPTP + Static. The Internet is provided via PPTP, the local address in the provider’s network is set manually, statically. Routes are also written manually.

e) L2TP + Dynamic. The Internet is provided via L2TP, the local address in the provider’s network is obtained automatically. Routes can similarly be distributed dynamically via the DHCP option or specified manually (rarely).

e) L2TP + Static. The Internet is provided via L2TP, the local address in the provider’s network is set manually, statically. Routes are also written manually.

P.S. Determining your type of Internet connection will help you set up your Wi-Fi router or Wi-Fi point access.

The Internet is an indispensable condition for the comfortable existence of absolutely every modern person. Today you can work, shop, chat with friends and watch TV online. It is almost impossible to find a person who does not need the Internet. Moreover, more and more people are giving up watching landline TV in favor of network broadcasts.

To connect to the Internet, routers or network routers are most often used, which allow you to enjoy all the benefits of Wi-Fi. However, in this regard, users quite often have questions: “WAN - what is it? How to configure it? What is it for?” Let's consider these points in detail.

WAN: what is it?

This is a solution that is widely used when connecting routers or routers to the Internet. If the equipment is configured correctly, communication will be high-quality and reliable.

The abbreviation itself means what is translated as “global computer network”. A WAN connector is also often called an Ethernet port. He is responsible for connecting to an external computer network.

If you look at the back of the router, it will have from 3 to 10 connectors. Several of them are labeled LAN, and only one is labeled Internet or WAN. Experienced computer geeks also call this port UpLink.

However, it is worth understanding not only the question “WAN - what is it?”, but also how it differs from other connectors. After all, outwardly they all look absolutely identical.

How WAN differs from LAN

As mentioned above, the ports are very similar in appearance, so it is easy to confuse them. However, if you plug the Internet cable into the LAN connector, absolutely nothing will happen. The fact is that this port is intended for creating a local network. That is, if there are several computers in one apartment and they need to be combined, then LAN is used. It allows you to access open folders and quickly transfer information from one device to another.

To access the Internet directly, you need to connect to a global network, that is, to a WAN. This is the only way to enjoy all the benefits of online shopping and communication with friends from any corner of the planet.

Thus, it becomes obvious that these are in no way interconnected. The Internet is often called the largest WAN network. This is why very often routers have the abbreviation Internet. This helps users not to miss the connector and start using the Internet without unnecessary problems.

So, with the question "WAN - what is it?" We figured it out, now it’s time to look at setting up the connection. If you don’t want to delve into all the intricacies of the router interface, you can call your Internet provider and ask a consultant to explain the sequence of actions. But in fact, not everything is as complicated as it might seem at first glance.

Connection

Let's take a closer look at the WAN settings. First of all, you need to connect the router to the network. To do this, use a regular network cable that comes with the router. After this you need:

• Connect one end of the cable (usually blue) to the router (LAN connector), and the other to a laptop or network card PC.
• Turn on the devices and wait until the computer boots up completely.
• Open any Internet browser window and enter the IP address of the router in the address bar. To find out, just check the router model. Also, the required address is often indicated on the packaging with the router. If there is no data anywhere, then you need to look at the manual for the router.
• Press the Enter key.
• Wait for the page to load.

After this, you need to perform a few more manipulations to connect the WAN.

Settings in the browser

To start using a wireless network, you must complete the following steps:

• Enter the login and password for the router (most often “admin” and “1234”).
• Login to devices.
• Open WAN menu. If there is no such inscription, then find Setup.
• Fill in all fields. All necessary data is clarified with the provider, sometimes they can be found in the contract itself.
• Specify the data transfer type L2TP or PPTP.
• Create a password and name for the router.
• Select the type of encryption (optional).
• Enter the access point address.
• Select "Automatically obtain DNS address".

Updating settings

If necessary, you can activate the firewall in the same menu. To do this, just check the appropriate box. Next, click the “Save” button and wait until the updates are downloaded.

After this, you can remove the LAN cable. It's better to restart your computer. Now you can connect the Internet cable to the WAN port on the router and find a wireless network on your computer. At the next stage, just enter the password for the router and start using the Internet.

Some routers have WAN miniport ports. They are intended for high speed internet. Today, only some providers provide such a service (for example, Rostelecom).

The cost of network access depends on the type of Internet connection. In the most general terms, types are divided into wired and wireless. The first group includes all connection methods associated with pulling a cable to the subscriber’s apartment. The cable can be a telephone cable or intended only for the Internet; such a line is called a dedicated line. Wireless connection– this is setting up access to the network through a special antenna. In the article we talk about the listed options in more detail and advise which type of Internet connection is best to choose.

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What are the types of Internet connections?

Dial-up access

This is a modem connection via the telephone network. To set up, you need to have a home phone and a telecom operator whose equipment is powerful enough to provide access to the network.

The disadvantage of dial-up communication is that the connection to the network occurs through the same line as dialing. Therefore, simultaneous use of the Internet and telephone is impossible. In addition, on average, such a connection allows you to access the network at speeds of up to 56 Kbps. Few online games work with this connection, and downloading files can take several weeks.

Nowadays, dial-up connections are common in areas where population density or territorial features do not allow for broadband Internet.

Connection via asymmetric digital subscriber line

It is otherwise called ADSL. This is another type of modem connection. It also requires a telephone line, but a digital modem allows you to dial up and access the network at the same time. The line capacity with this type of Internet connection is higher than in the method described above. It provides the subscriber with a fairly high speed of access to the network - on average up to 24 Mbit/s. The load on the line is distributed asymmetrically - the incoming connection is faster than the outgoing connection (speed up to 1.4 Mbit/s). Because of this, it takes longer to upload files to the server.

Connection via cable TV

This is the type of access that is provided according to the DOCSIS standard - data transmission via television cable. It is usually used if there are no Internet providers in the house. With its help you can get speeds from 27 to 50 Mbit/s. To set up access, you must have cable television in your home and a special modem.

Access via Ethernet cable

Ethernet – dedicated line. It is used to connect a computer to the network directly or through a Wi-Fi router. The capacity of such a channel is higher than in the case of ADSL or television cable. Data transfer speed from 50 Mbit/s in both directions - both from the computer to the server and back. You can connect only if there is broadband Internet in the subscriber’s home.

Connection via GPON

GPON is a technology for setting up network access through a personal fiber optic line. It is carried out from the provider’s equipment directly to the subscriber’s apartment. This type of network connection setup provides maximum speed data transfer – up to 1 Gb/s. To connect, you need to stretch a cable from the common line to the subscriber’s apartment and install an optical modem. The technology is not yet available in all regions.

More common than GPON are fiber optic and twisted pair connections. In this case, the optical cable is pulled to the apartment building, and the Internet is distributed to subscribers using twisted pair cables. The capacity of such a channel is lower.

Setting up access via antenna

This group includes radio, mobile, Satellite Internet. To set up access using the listed channels, antennas are required.

Radio Internet operates through an access point provided by the provider. The signal from it spreads over a certain radius and arrives at the subscriber’s equipment through an antenna installed in the apartment. Then, using a modem, the signal is sent to the computer. If the access point is far away, the signal may be too weak. In this case, in addition to the antenna, signal amplifiers are used.

Mobile communications work through antennas installed in cell phones or USB modems; no additional equipment is required. This type of Internet connection is the most accessible, but has low bandwidth compared to wired connection over a dedicated line.

Satellite communication is established through street antennas aimed at the satellite. Due to the large distances the signal must travel, it usually arrives with a delay. Other disadvantages of the connection include low connection speed, unstable operation in bad weather, high cost of equipment and subscription fees. However, in some areas, satellite communication is the only connection available.

How to find out your Internet connection type

If your device is connected to a network, you can find out the access method through the settings. Just go to the Network and Control Center shared access" on Windows computers or "Network" for Mac. There will be information about the available connection options and the current connection method. If the Internet is not working at the moment or you need more detailed information, contact service technical support your provider.

What type of Internet connection to choose

Much depends on the carriers available in your home and your needs. Dial-up provides a slow connection speed and is inconvenient to use. This can only be selected if other types of network settings are not available to you.

If you want to connect to the Internet via your phone, ADSL is more suitable. Through this channel you will receive a speed sufficient for normal surfing: launching most online games, downloading movies, watching online videos. If you are planning to use smart home technology and want to set up digital TV via the Internet, find out about the possibility of replacing the telephone cable with fiber optic cable using GPON technology, with simultaneous connection of telephone, Internet and television. This will cost more, but all three services will be provided through one cable. The throughput of such a line is much higher than that of its analogues.

If you do not have the opportunity to run a wire into your apartment, consider radio Internet or mobile communications. The disadvantage of the first is the need to install an antenna at home, the disadvantage of the second is the low connection speed.

Satellite access should only be considered if you have no other way to connect to the network.

How to Determine the Type of Internet Connection Available in Your Home

Use the form to select a provider by address on our website. Enter the city name, street and house number. The system will automatically select a list of available telecom operators for you. You can view their tariffs, get advice about the service and sign up for a connection.

With the spread of broadband Internet access, wireless routers are becoming increasingly popular among home users, making it possible to organize Internet access shared between several computers in an apartment. In addition, given the capabilities of routers to organize wireless communication channels, their use eliminates the need to lay network cables throughout the apartment. Today, there are many different models of wireless routers available for home use. But how to make the right choice? Which router should you choose and, most importantly, how to configure it correctly? In this article we will look at the main features of modern routers and give step-by-step instructions for setting them up.

A modern home computer is no longer conceivable without an Internet connection. Analogue modems are irrevocably a thing of the past, and they have been replaced by high-speed Internet access technologies, and tariffs for organizing unlimited access have become comparable to the monthly payment for a telephone. Therefore, it is quite natural that after purchasing a home computer, users think about organizing access to the Internet.

There are no problems connecting one home computer to the Internet. This, of course, is a non-trivial task for novice users, since it requires creating a new network connection and making the necessary settings for it, but if you're lucky, all this will be done by the engineers who will connect the computer to the Internet.

However, over time, you may have a second computer, laptop or PDA with wireless adapter. Of course, you'll want to connect all of these devices to the Internet. To do this, you will already have to use a router, which will act as a gateway between your local network in the apartment and the external Internet network.

Naturally, the question arises about choosing a router and its functionality.

Let us immediately note that all modern routers aimed at home users combine many network devices and the router is only one of them, although the main one. That is why some manufacturers, trying to emphasize the focus of their devices on home users, as well as their versatility, call them home Internet centers for marketing reasons. True, this only introduces confusion into the classification of such devices, but their generally accepted name is broadband wireless routers.

Until recently, routers for home users did not have an integrated wireless access point. Now these devices are already obsolete and you should not rely on them.

Functionality of wireless routers

So, a modern broadband wireless router is a multifunctional device that combines:

• router;
• Fast Ethernet network switch (10/100 Mbit/s);
• wireless access point;
• firewall;
• NAT device.

The main task assigned to wireless routers is to connect all computers home network into a single local network with the ability to exchange data between them and organize high-speed, secure connection to the Internet of all home computers (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Using a wireless router to connect
home computers to the Internet

Currently, the most popular methods are connecting to the Internet via telephone line using an ADSL modem and a dedicated Ethernet line. Based on this, all wireless routers can be divided into two types:

• for connection via a dedicated Ethernet line;
• for connection via telephone line.

In the latter case, the router also has an ADSL modem built into it.

According to statistics, the method of connecting via a dedicated Ethernet line is becoming increasingly popular among providers. At the same time, routers designed for this can also be used to connect to the Internet via a telephone line, but for this you will have to additionally purchase an ADSL modem.

In what follows, we will only consider routers designed to connect to the Internet via a dedicated Ethernet line.

So, routers are network devices installed on the border of the internal local home network and the Internet, and therefore acting as a network gateway. From a design point of view, routers must have at least two ports, one of which is connected to the local network (this port is called the internal LAN port), and the second is connected to the external network, that is, the Internet (this port is called the external WAN port). Home routers have one WAN port and four internal LAN ports, which are combined into a switch (Fig. 2). Both WAN and LAN ports have a 10/100Base-TX interface, and you can connect an Ethernet network cable to them.

Rice. 2. LAN and WAN ports of the router

The wireless access point integrated into the router allows you to organize a wireless network segment, which for the router belongs to the internal network. In this sense, computers connected to the router wirelessly are no different from those connected to the LAN port.

The purpose of the firewall integrated into the router is to ensure the security of the internal network. To do this, firewalls must be able to mask the protected network, block known types of hacker attacks and information leakage from the internal network, and control applications that access the external network.

In order to implement specified functions, firewalls analyze all traffic between external and internal networks for compliance with certain established criteria or rules that determine the conditions for the passage of traffic from one network to another. If the traffic meets the specified criteria, the firewall allows it to pass through. Otherwise, that is, if the established criteria are not met, the traffic is blocked. Firewalls filter both incoming and outgoing traffic and also allow you to control access to certain network resources or applications.

By their purpose, firewalls resemble a checkpoint of a protected facility, where the documents of everyone entering the territory of the facility and everyone leaving it are checked. If the pass is in order, access to the territory is allowed. Firewalls operate similarly, only the role of people passing through the checkpoint is network packets, and the pass is the compliance of the headers of these packets with a given set of rules.

All modern routers with built-in firewalls are NAT devices, that is, they support the NAT (Network Address Translation) protocol. This protocol is not part of a firewall, but helps improve network security. Its main task is to solve the problem of the shortage of IP addresses, which is becoming more and more urgent as the number of computers grows.

The NAT protocol defines how network address translation occurs. A NAT device converts IP addresses reserved for private use on local networks into public IP addresses. Private addresses include the following IP ranges: 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255, 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255. Private IP addresses cannot be used on the World Wide Web, so they can be freely used for internal purposes only.

In addition to the listed functionality, some models of wireless routers have a number of additional ones. For example, they can be equipped with USB 2.0 ports, to which you can connect external devices with the ability to organize shared network access to them. So, when connecting to a printer router via the USB 2.0 interface, we also get a print server, and when connecting external hard disk - a network storage device of the NAS (Network Attached Storage) type. In addition, in the latter case, the software used in the routers even allows you to organize an FTP server.

There are router models that have not only USB ports, but also a built-in HDD, and therefore can be used for network data storage, as FTP servers for access both from outside and from the internal network, and even serve as multimedia centers.

Setting up the router

Despite the apparent similarity in functionality of broadband wireless routers, there are significant differences between them, which ultimately determine whether a particular router is suitable for your purposes or not. The fact is that different Internet providers use different types of Internet connections. If we are talking about connecting one computer (without using a router), then there are no problems, since user operating systems (for example, Windows XP/Vista) contain software that supports all connection types used by providers. If you use a router to connect your home network to the Internet, then it is necessary that it fully supports the connection type used by the provider (we will look at connection types in the section on setting up the WAN interface).

Almost all routers aimed at home users have built-in quick setup software (setup wizards) or auto-configuration tools - for example, Quick Setup, Smart Setup, NetFriend, etc. However, you need to keep in mind that there may always be a provider that does not will support the automatic configuration function of a specific router. In addition, the presence of such functions does not mean that by pressing one “magic” button you will immediately cope with all problems and configure your router. After all, even in order to get to this “magic” button, you will have to make some network interface settings on your computer.

For the above reasons, we will not rely on the router's automatic configuration capabilities and will consider the most universal method its manual step-by-step configuration.

It is advisable to configure the router in the following sequence:

• Gaining access to the router's web interface.
• Configuring the LAN interface and built-in DHCP server.
• Configuring a WAN interface with organizing an Internet connection for all computers on the local network.
• Settings wireless network(if there are wireless clients).
• Setting up a firewall.
• Configuring the NAT protocol (if required).

The first step in setting up the router is to gain network access to its settings via the web interface (all routers have a built-in web server).

Let's take a closer look at the steps of setting up the LAN interface and the built-in DHCP server, as well as setting up the WAN interface. We will not talk about setting up a wireless network, firewall and NAT protocol in this article - separate publications will be devoted to these issues.

Gaining access to the router's web interface

To access the router's web interface, you must connect a computer (laptop) to the LAN port. The first thing you need to find out is the IP address of the router’s LAN port, the default login and password. Any router, being a network device, has its own network address (IP address). In order to find out the IP address of the router's LAN port and password, you will have to look through the user manual. If the router has not been used before, its settings coincide with the default (factory) settings. In most cases, the IP address of the router's LAN port is 192.168.1.254 or 192.168.1.1 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0, and the password and login are admin. If the router has already been in use and its default settings have been changed, but you do not know the IP address of the LAN port, or the login and password, then the first thing you will have to do is reset all settings (return to factory settings). To do this, all routers have a special recessed reset button. If you press it (with the router's power on) and hold it for a few seconds, the router will reboot and restore its factory settings.

In addition to the ability to quickly return to factory settings, most routers have a built-in DHCP server that is activated by default. This allows you to easily connect to the router, since a computer connected to the router's LAN port will automatically be assigned an IP address of the same subnet to which the router's LAN port itself belongs, and the IP address of the default gateway will be used as the IP address of the router. router LAN port address. But in order to take advantage of this opportunity, you need to make sure that the dynamic IP address assignment function (Obtain IP address automatically) is set in the properties of the network connection of the computer used to connect to the router’s LAN port. It is enabled by default for all network interfaces, and if after installation operating system network connections on the computer were not specifically configured, then most likely you will be able to access the router settings immediately after connecting to its LAN port on the computer.

Attention! If your computer has already been connected to the Internet, then it is likely that you are using different network connection settings than the default settings. Before changing anything, write down all settings.

If so in a simple way If you cannot connect to the router, you will have to first configure the network interface of the computer connected to the router. The point of the setup is that the network interface of the computer that connects to the LAN port of the router and the LAN port of the router have IP addresses belonging to the same subnet. Let's assume the router's LAN port has an IP address of 192.168.1.1. Then the network interface of the connected computer must be assigned a static IP address 192.168.1.x (for example, 192.168.1.100) with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. In addition, you must specify the IP address of the router's LAN port (in our case, 192.168.1.1) as the default gateway IP address.

Naturally, setting up a computer's network interface depends on the operating system used. We will show how to make such a setup using the example of the most popular operating system Microsoft systems Windows XP SP2 (English version) and Microsoft operating system Windows Vista(Russian version).

Setting up the network interface of a PC running Microsoft Windows XP SP2

If you are using the Microsoft Windows XP SP2 operating system, to assign a static IP address to the network interface of your computer, click the icon My Network Places (network) right click mouse and in the opened context menu select item Properties(Properties). In the window that opens Network Connection(Network Connections) select the icon Local Area Connection(Local Network) and by right-clicking on it, go to the item again Properties. After this a window should open Local Area Connection Properties(Network connection properties), which allows you to configure the network adapter (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Local Area Connection Properties Dialog Box

On the tab General select the protocol Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click on the button Properties. A window will open allowing you to set the computer's default IP address, subnet mask, and gateway. Check the box in this dialog box Use the following IP address: and enter the IP address and subnet mask in the appropriate text fields (Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Setting a static IP address, subnet mask
and gateway IP addresses

Once the computer's network interface has been configured, you can access the settings of the router itself. To do this, enter the IP address of the access point (192.168.1.1) in the address field of your web browser. If everything is done correctly, the access point (router) settings dialog box will open. You may first need to enter your username and password (they are in the documentation).

Setting up the network interface of a PC running Microsoft Windows Vista

If you are using the Microsoft Windows Vista operating system, to assign a static IP address to the network interface of your computer, click the icon Net right-click and in the context menu that appears, select Properties. In the window that opens Network connections Network connections(Fig. 5), which displays all network adapters installed on the computer.

Rice. 5. Network connections window with a list of network adapters

Having selected in this window the network adapter (if there are several of them) with which the computer is connected to the LAN port of the router, right-click on it and select the item in the context menu that opens Properties(Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Select the network adapter connected to the router,
and right-click on it

In the properties window of the selected network adapter that opens (Fig. 7), on the tab Net you need to highlight the item Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and press the button Properties. Next, a window will open allowing you to set the computer’s IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway IP address. Check the box in this window Use the following IP address: and enter the IP address, subnet mask and gateway IP address in the appropriate text fields (Fig. 8).

Rice. 7. Network adapter properties window

Rice. 8. Setting a static IP address, subnet mask
and gateway IP addresses

After the computer’s network interface has been configured, in the window Shared Network Center You can make additional settings for the newly created local network. Initially, this network is given the name default (Private network) - fig. 9.

Rice. 9. Displaying the properties of the newly created local network

If you select a link Settings opposite the local network name, then in the window Setting up network location(Fig. 10) you can specify the name of the created network connection (for example, home network), select the icon for this connection and the network location type ( Public or Private). In the case of a home network, it is better to set the placement type Private, because this will allow your computer to discover other computers and devices on the local network and make it possible for them to discover your computer.

Rice. 10. Setting the properties of the created network connection

After the network properties have been set, in the window Shared Network Center you can view the full network map by clicking on the link View full map. Since in our case there is only one computer connected to the router (gateway), and the Internet connection has not yet been configured, the network map will look as shown in Fig. 11. If you move your mouse pointer over the computer or gateway icon on this map, a tooltip will display the IP and MAC addresses of the network adapter or LAN port of the router, respectively.

Rice. 11. Diagram of the created network

Once the connection between your computer and the router’s LAN port has been configured, you can access its settings. This is done in the same way as in the case of the Microsoft Windows XP SP2 operating system: the IP address of the access point (192.168.1.1) is entered in the address field of the web browser.

Configuring the LAN interface and built-in DHCP server

The first thing we recommend doing after gaining access to the router settings is to configure its LAN interface. It is considered good form when, when connecting a new computer to the router (both wired and via wireless interface) its network interface is configured automatically. To do this, you need to configure the DHCP server built into the router and set the default gateway IP address used for connecting PCs.

In addition, when configuring the LAN interface, you can change the default IP address and subnet mask of the router's LAN port. However, it only makes sense to change these router settings when there are compelling reasons for doing so. In most cases, changing the IP address and subnet mask of the router's LAN port is not required, which means that setting up the LAN interface consists only of setting up a DHCP server and setting (if it is not set automatically) the IP address and subnet mask of the default gateway, which will be used for computers connected to the router.

The router's LAN interface is configured in the IP config section. Its name may be different, so you just need to find the section in which the network interfaces (WAN and LAN) of the router are configured. As a rule, in the same section there is a subsection that allows you to configure DHCP server settings (in our example it is called DHCP Server).

The DHCP server is configured in the following sequence:

• Allow the use of a DHCP server for computers connected to the router.
• Specify a pool of IP addresses reserved for allocation.
• Set the time interval during which the dynamic IP address allocated to the computer does not change.
• Specify the default gateway IP address that computers connecting to the router will use.
• Assign IP addresses to DNS and WINS servers.

Different router models may have different ranges of IP addresses reserved for the DHCP server. But don’t think that the bigger it is, the better. It's unlikely that you'll ever need to connect more than ten computers to your router at home, so for home routers, the range of IP addresses reserved for the DHCP server is completely uncritical. In any case, it includes more than 30 addresses, which is quite enough. If we are talking about using a router in an office, then it is desirable that this range be 253 IP addresses (there are no more within the same subnet, since one IP address is reserved by the router itself). For example, these could be addresses from 192.168.1.2 to 192.168.1.254. Naturally, all IP addresses reserved for the DHCP server will belong to the same subnet as the router’s LAN port. Moreover, if you change the IP address of the router’s LAN port, the pool of IP addresses reserved for allocation will also change - thus, both the IP address of the router’s LAN port and all reserved addresses will always belong to the same subnet.

Using a DHCP server on a router does not mean that you cannot set static addresses on computers connected to the router and configure the network interface manually. It’s just that in this case, the address assigned to the network interface of the computer connected to the router will not be used by the DHCP server for dynamic allocation.

After allowing the use of a DHCP server on the router (usually this option is activated by default), all that remains is to register the IP address of the Default Gateway, which must be the IP address of the router’s LAN port (in our example - 192.168.1.1 ). There is no point in changing other settings.

An example of setting up a DHCP server is shown in Fig. 12 (ASUS WL-566gM wireless router is used as an example). After making all changes, you must reboot the router (otherwise the changes will not take effect). For this purpose in different models routers use various buttons - for example Finish or Apply and Restart, etc.

Rice. 12. Setting up a DHCP server in the ASUS WL-566gM router

After setting up the LAN interface and DHCP server in the router, you can return to the settings of the network interface of the computer connected to the router.

In the network adapter properties window, which allows you to set the computer's IP address, subnet mask and default gateway IP address, check the box Obtain an IP address automatically(Fig. 13). This example uses the Windows Vista operating system. For operating room Windows systems XP SP2 settings are made in the same way.

Rice. 13. Configuring the network adapter to automatic
obtaining an IP address from the router's DHCP server
(when using Windows Vista OS)

When the changes take effect, the computer will briefly lose connection with the router, but then it will be restored and the router settings will become available again.

Naturally, the question arises: why did we spend so much time setting up a DHCP server on the router if we already had access to the router’s settings? The fact is that in order to gain access to the router we had to configure the network interface of the connected computer. If there is only one computer, then you don’t have to configure a DHCP server, but if there are two or more computers, then to combine them into a local network based on a router, you will have to perform a similar setup of the network interfaces of all computers and not get confused in the IP addresses, so that Do not assign the same network address to several computers. It is much easier to configure a DHCP server on the router once, and activate the function of automatically obtaining an IP address on all computers connected to it (it is activated by default). Then all computers connected to the router will be automatically assigned IP addresses. In addition, if in the future you have to reinstall the operating system on any computer, you will not need to remember all the network controller settings, since they will be made automatically when you connect to the router.

In conclusion, we note that the DHCP server function applies to computers connected to LAN ports not only via network cables, but also via a wireless interface, that is, through the wireless access point integrated into the router.

Setting up the WAN interface

At the next stage of setting up the router, you need to configure the WAN interface, which will provide Internet access. There are quite a few options for setting up a WAN interface, and in each specific case it is determined by the type of connection used by the Internet provider. Let's look at all the popular connection types used by providers.

In Moscow, there are more than 300 home network providers involved in connecting end users to the Internet. Sometimes up to ten providers can provide Internet connection services in one home. Unfortunately, on the websites of home network providers the settings they use are not indicated. Therefore, when choosing a provider (if there are several of them in your area), you should call the technical support service and find out about all the nuances of connection.

In general, choosing a provider is by no means a trivial task. In this case, it is necessary to take into account not only tariffs, but also factors such as the quality of the communication channel, type of communication, availability of home network resources and much more. For example, in Moscow there are still home network providers whose contracts stipulate that the user is prohibited from using a router to connect several home computers to the Internet. So what, you say, how will he find out? Elementary! The fact is that any router is also a NAT device, therefore, by analyzing network packets (and the structure of packets sent by a NAT device differs from packets sent by a regular network controller), the provider can easily determine whether you are using a router or not. As a rule, on the websites of such providers you can find prices for connecting a second computer to the Internet. What can I say? It is better not to deal with such providers at all.

Another circumstance that must be taken into account when choosing a provider is providing access to home network resources. It is produced free of charge (which is important if you do not have an unlimited tariff) and at the full speed of the network interface (100 Mbit/s). Home networks contain collections of films and music, game servers and servers with various software, file sharing networks between home network users. In addition, many home networks are pooling their local resources, providing users with even greater capabilities. Therefore, you should under no circumstances neglect such an opportunity as using local resources of your home network.

I would also like to draw the attention of readers to the fact that some unscrupulous providers are engaged in banal deception of users. For example, instead of the promised bandwidth of 4 Mbit/s, they can actually limit traffic to 2 Mbit/s. Often the promised bandwidth is realized only in one direction - from the provider to the user, and traffic in the opposite direction is cut.

However, there are many more examples of how providers scam users. Fortunately, there are many forums where all this is discussed. However, let's return to the main topic of our article.

So, if we talk about the main types of connection, we can note the following:

• allocation of a dynamic IP address;
• allocation of a static IP address (usually bound by MAC address);
• Internet connection using the PPPoE protocol;
• connecting to the Internet using the PPTP protocol;
• Internet connection via L2TP protocol.

Let's look at each connection type in more detail.

Dynamic IP address allocation

From the user's point of view, the simplest way to connect to the Internet when using one computer is to allocate the user a dynamic IP address. However, if you have a router, the connection procedure becomes somewhat more complicated.

When just one computer connects to the Internet without using a router, there is actually no need to configure the computer's network interface, since with the default network controller settings, the computer immediately has access to the Internet. Let us recall that by default the network interface is configured to automatically obtain an IP address, subnet mask, gateway IP address, and DNS and WINS server IP addresses. In this case, the router WAN port is configured automatically using the provider's DHCP server. However, in some cases you may need to manually set the IP addresses of the DNS server and gateway (although this is rare).

If you use a router to connect to the Internet, its WAN port is configured in exactly the same way as the network controller of a computer connected to the Internet without using a router. That is, in the settings of the router’s WAN interface, you must specify the Dynamic IP connection method (all routers support this type of connection). The problem, however, is that most routers, unlike PC network controllers, cannot automatically obtain the IP addresses of the default gateway and DNS servers (primary and secondary). Therefore, these addresses will most likely have to be entered manually. An example of such a setting in the Gigabyte GN-B49G router is shown in Fig. 14.

Rice. 14. Configuring the router’s WAN interface when using the connection type
with dynamic IP address allocation

Naturally, the question arises: where to get these same IP addresses of the gateway and DNS servers? After all, in case dynamic settings providers focus on connecting to the Internet using just one computer, which is able to receive all settings automatically. But most routers cannot automatically receive settings. In order to find out the IP addresses of the default gateway and DNS servers, you must first set up an Internet connection for one PC (without using a router). Next you need to do console command ipconfig/all. To do this, launch the command console on your computer (in the window Execute(Run) type cmd) and type ipconfig /all. This command will display a list of all network controllers installed on the computer (if there are several of them) with their settings (network addresses) and MAC addresses (Fig. 15). In the same window you can find out the IP addresses of the Default Gateway and DNS server. All that remains is to write down these addresses so that you can use them later when configuring the router.

Rice. 15. Clarification network settings controller

Once all the necessary IP addresses are registered in the router, all computers connected to the router via LAN ports and wireless interface will have access to the Internet. Moreover, the Internet connection is activated immediately after turning on the computer (as long as the router is turned on). Please note that if your provider, in addition to Internet access, provides a connection to home network resources, then no problems arise with simultaneous use of both the Internet and home network resources (we will discuss such problems further).

Another problem with using a dynamic IP address is that very often this type of connection is combined with MAC address binding. A MAC address is a unique identifier for a network device. No two MAC addresses are the same - no matter what type of network equipment you are talking about. Binding by MAC address means that the provider controls the MAC addresses of the network controllers of the computers from which they access the Internet, that is, a MAC address filter is configured on the provider’s side. If, for example, the connection to the Internet was initially set up on one computer and a binding was made by MAC address, then an attempt to access the Internet from another computer (for example, you bought a new PC) will no longer be successful. The problem, of course, can be solved, but to do this you need to tell the provider the MAC address of the new computer.

If several computers are connected to the Internet using a router, the binding must be made to the MAC address of the router's WAN port. In principle, you can call your provider and ask them to enter a new MAC address, but you can do it easier. Almost all modern routers have such a function as MAC address spoofing. That is, any MAC address can be assigned to the WAN port. If the router is installed after you have set up an Internet connection using one computer, then it is enough to assign the WAN port of the router the MAC address of the network controller that was used in the computer to set up the Internet connection.

The MAC address of the network controller can be found in the same window where the IP addresses of the default gateway and DNS server are indicated (see Figure 15).

Having opened the router's web interface, you need to assign a new MAC address to the WAN port. Note that this function can be implemented in the router not in the settings section (IP config) of the LAN and WAN interfaces of the router, but in some other one. For example, in Gigabyte wireless routers this function is located in the Change WAN MAC section (Fig. 16).

Rice. 16. Changing the MAC address of the router WAN port using the example of a router
Gigabyte GN-B49G

One last issue to mention about connecting to the Internet using a dynamic IP address is that your ISP's default gateway and DNS server IP addresses may change from time to time. Therefore, if your Internet suddenly disappears, do not rush to call technical support. It is quite possible that you just need to change the gateway and DNS server IP addresses on your router. Of course, periodically reconfiguring the router is an extremely unpleasant task, but what to do - in some cases this is the only thing possible way. The good news is that the IP addresses of the provider’s gateway and DNS server change quite rarely. In addition, some router models, like the PC network controller, are capable of automatically obtaining the IP addresses of the default gateway and DNS servers.

Allocation of a static IP address

The connection method with the allocation of a static IP address (Static IP), from the user's point of view, is also very simple, although the number of settings that will have to be made is slightly greater than in the case of a dynamic IP address. Actually, there is no difference between these connection methods, except that in the first case, the provider’s DHCP server is used to configure the network interface and the configuration occurs automatically, and in the second, all settings must be entered manually.

Having selected a connection type with a static IP address in the settings of the router's WAN interface, you must specify the IP address of the WAN port, the subnet mask, the IP addresses of the gateway and the primary and secondary DNS servers. All this data is provided by the provider when you connect to the Internet. An example of such a setup on the Gigabyte GN-B49G router is shown in Fig. 17.

Rice. 17. Configuring the router’s WAN interface when using the connection type
with allocation of a static IP address

Almost always, when using a connection type with a static IP address, MAC address binding is used. We have already described what additional settings need to be made in the router in this case. It only remains to note that when using this type of connection, the user does not have problems with simultaneous use of both the Internet and local resources of the home network.

Connecting to the Internet using the PPPoE protocol

PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) is also quite often used by home network providers. It is supported by all routers, which means there is no problem of router incompatibility with the connection type.

The use of a connection via the PPPoE protocol opens up wide opportunities for providers to account for user access to the network. Thanks to this technology, the provider can easily restrict users' access to the Internet and keep track of their traffic. PPPoE technology runs a PPP session over an Ethernet network.

At the same time, user authentication using the PAP and CHAP protocols, dynamic allocation of IP addresses to users, assignment of gateway and DNS server addresses, etc. are supported.

The operating principle of PPPoE is based on establishing a point-to-point connection over a common Ethernet medium. The process of functioning of PPPoE is divided into two stages: first, devices communicate their addresses to each other and establish an initial connection, and then a PPP session is launched.

All clients are allocated private addresses and are asked to log in via PPPoE.

From the user's point of view, setting up a connection using the PPPoE protocol cannot be called simple. Even if you set up an Internet connection on just one computer (without using a router), you will have to open a lot of dialog boxes. In principle, the process of setting up an Internet connection on a computer using the PPPoE protocol is similar to the process of setting up an Internet connection using an analog modem.

In addition, the PPPoE protocol has another inconvenience for the user. The fact is that in order to simultaneously access the Internet and access the local home network, it is necessary to make additional (and by no means trivial for novice users) settings. That is, with a normal Internet connection setup, simultaneous access to the Internet and home network resources is impossible. However, we will talk about these subtleties later, but for now let’s look at setting up an Internet connection using the PPPoE protocol when using one computer (without a router).

Setting up a PPPoE connection using one computer

The sequence of settings and the appearance of the dialog boxes depend on the operating system used, so we will consider two options for setting up the connection - for Microsoft Windows XP SP2 (English version) and Microsoft Windows Vista (Russian version).

For Microsoft Windows XP SP2 operating system

When using the Microsoft Windows XP SP2 operating system, to create a new network connection, you must run New Connection Wizard Start > Programs > Accessories > Communications > New Connection Wizard(Fig. 18).

Rice. 18. Launching the Network Connection Wizard

New Connection Wizard(New Connection Wizard) click on the button Next and move on to the section New Connection Type(Network connection type). In this window, check the box Connect to the Internet(Connect to the Internet) - fig. 19.

Rice. 19. Setting the network connection type

Getting Ready(Preparations in progress) select the method for creating a network connection. Here it is necessary to note the point Set up my connection manually(Establish connection manually) - fig. 20.

Rice. 20. Setting the network connection setup method

Next we move on to the section Internet Connection(Internet connection) - fig. 21, in which you set the type of equipment for connecting to the Internet, and select the item Connect using a broadband connection that requires a user name and password(Via a broadband connection that requires a username and password).

Rice. 21. Selecting the type of equipment for the Internet connection

In the next section called Connection Name(Connection name) You must specify the connection name (ISP Name). In principle, this name can be anything, for example, the connection can be called Internet (Fig. 22).

Rice. 22. Setting a name for the Internet connection

Further in the section Internet Account Information(Online Account Details) you need to enter the details received from your provider, that is, User Name and Password. To avoid errors, the password is entered twice: in the Password(Password) and in the field Confirm Password(Confirmation) - fig. 23. If you are the sole owner of the computer, that is, if there are no other users with other profiles, or you want this Internet connection to be available to all users of this computer, then you can check the box Use this account name and password when anyone connects to the Internet from this computer(Use the following username and password when connecting any user). If there is only one Internet connection on the computer (which is most likely), then we also check the box Make this the default Internet connection(Make this connection your default Internet connection).

Rice. 23. Setting a username and password

At the final stage of creating an Internet connection, you can check the item (Add a connection shortcut to the desktop) - fig. 24.

Rice. 24. Adding an icon for the created Internet connection to the desktop

Once you have completed creating a new connection using New Connection Wizards you need to configure it further so that you can use it to access the Internet. To do this, left-click on the icon of the created connection and in the Internet connection window that opens, enter the user name and password again (Fig. 25). In order not to repeat this procedure every time you access the Internet, check the box (Save username and password) and check the box Anyone who use this computer(For any user).

Rice. 25. Setting up an Internet connection

Operating system Microsoft Windows Vista

If you are using the Microsoft Windows Vista operating system, to create an Internet connection using the PPPoE protocol, click the Net right-click and in the context menu that opens, select Properties. In the window that appears Shared Network Center Select the link on the left side by clicking on it with the left mouse button. After this a window should open Connect to the network(Fig. 26), in which you need to select the item Internet connection.

Rice. 26. Launching the Internet Connection Wizard

At the next stage, select the type of Internet connection - High speed with PPPoE(Fig. 27) and in the next window enter the username and password received from the provider (Fig. 28). All you have to do is press the button To plug, after which an attempt will be made to connect to the Internet. Actually, this completes the creation of a new Internet connection.

Rice. 27. Selecting the type of Internet connection

Rice. 28. Setting a username and password

Next in the window Shared Network Center select the link on the left side Connect to the network by clicking on it with the left mouse button. After this a window should open Connect to the network, which displays the created Internet connection. Having selected the created Internet connection in this window, right-click on it and select the item in the context menu that opens Properties(Fig. 29).

Rice. 29. Go to the Properties window for the created Internet connection

On various window tabs Properties Once the Internet connection has been created, you can check whether the settings are correct.

As we have already noted, from the user’s point of view, the main problem with a connection using the PPPoE protocol, in addition to the complex setup, is that the created Internet connection does not provide simultaneous access to both the Internet and the resources of the local home network. To access local network resources, another network connection is created. The process of creating it is quite simple and is no different from connecting with a dynamically allocated IP address using the provider’s DHCP server (how such a connection is configured has already been described in the corresponding section). As a result, the user has two connections: to the Internet and to local network resources, but they cannot be used simultaneously, that is, you can access either the Internet or the provider’s home network. Of course, this is inconvenient, especially when multiple devices are connected to the Internet. This problem can be solved by using one Internet connection for simultaneous access to both the Internet and local home network resources. To do this, you need to create a so-called static routing table.

Before you begin creating a static routing table, you need to find out the default gateway IP address that is used when connecting to the Internet. For this purpose in command console run the ipconfig command, after which a list of all connections with their settings will be displayed. After choosing to connect to local resources, note down the IP address of the Default gateway.

The command syntax is as follows:

ROUTE –p ADD ,

Where destination- IP address of the host (server) in the provider’s local home network; netmask- network mask for the host IP address in the provider’s local home network; gateway- Default gateway IP address.

Thanks to the key –p, the routes will be remembered and restored after the computer is restarted. However, if you make a mistake, you risk disrupting your connection to both the Internet and the local network. If this happens, enter the reset routes command route –f and restart your computer. After rebooting, you can try executing the ROUTE command again.

The specific IP addresses of the provider's local network servers can be found from the provider itself, for example, on its website.

As an example, we will give commands for adding static routes used in the Konkovo.Net network:

• ROUTE –p ADD 192.168.0.0 MASK 255.255.0.0 addressgateway> ;
• ROUTE –p ADD 10.0.0.0 MASK 255.0.0.0 addressgateway> .

To check the added routing table, enter the ROUTE PRINT command (Fig. 30).

Rice. 30. Checking the static routing table

After creating such a table and restarting the computer, both Internet resources and local resources of the home network become available at the same time.

Setting up a PPPoE connection using a router

If Internet access via the PPPoE protocol needs to be organized for several home computers using a router, then you will need a router that supports the PPPoE protocol. However, you don’t have to worry about this: all modern routers support this protocol, so there won’t be any problems.

After gaining access to the router settings, in the WAN interface settings section, select the PPPoE connection type and enter the username and password received from your provider. Actually, this is where the process of setting up the router ends. Next, all computers connected to the router via LAN ports will be able to use the Internet connection.

However, the problem of simultaneous use of the Internet and local resources of the home network with this connection method remains. The fact is that most ordinary routers are designed to route IP packets from the user's home network to the Internet and back. That is, it is assumed that the router can simultaneously have two interfaces and route packets between two networks. If you need simultaneous access to both the Internet and the provider's home network, it is necessary that packets be routed between three networks: the user's home network, the provider's local network and the Internet. However, not every router is capable of this.

In the very general case When a regular router establishes a PPPoE connection, it stops routing packets between the user's home network (LAN) and the Internet provider's home network. This happens because after establishing a PPPoE connection, the router has a PPP interface, which is designed to route home network packets to the Internet. The router changes the default route, which routes all requests from the home network to the ISP's home network, to a route that routes all requests from the home network to the Internet. Therefore, when using a PPPoE connection to implement simultaneous access to both the Internet and local resources of the provider, it is necessary that the router be able to support the simultaneous operation of two connections on the WAN interface.

In addition, Internet providers very often use segmented networks, where different servers are located in different subnets. To have access to all of the ISP's resources, the router must also allow the creation of static routing tables. Therefore, if your provider uses the PPPoE connection type and you want to connect several home computers to the Internet, but in such a way that the resources of the provider’s segmented home network remain available, then you need a router that, firstly, supports the simultaneous operation of two connections on WAN interface, and secondly, allows you to register a static routing table.

Creating a routing table on a router is even easier than on a computer. The only thing worth noting is that different router models allow you to create routing tables with different numbers of entries. However, there is no need to worry about this, since it is unlikely that you will need to add more than a dozen entries to this table, and all routing tables are designed for at least 20 entries.

An example of a routing table created on the ASUS WL-500W router is shown in Fig. 31.

Rice. 31. Example of a static routing table created on a router
ASUS WL-500W

Connecting to the Internet using the PPTP/L2TP protocol

The PPTP and L2TP protocols are a type of VPN protocol. PPTP (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol) is a point-to-point tunneling protocol that allows a computer to establish a secure connection with a server by creating a special tunnel in a standard local network connection. PPTP constructs PPP frames into IP datagrams for transmission over a global IP network such as the Internet. PPTP uses TCP communications for tunneling services.

The L2TP protocol (Layer Two Tunneling Protocol) is also a tunnel protocol that has approximately the same capabilities as the PPTP protocol.

Connecting via the PPTP protocol is the most common method of authorization from providers for Internet access for users connected via a dedicated Ethernet line.

The PPTP protocol, unlike PPPoE, allows Internet providers to build segmented home networks and at the same time use a centralized node for user authorization and Internet access.

However, with a large number of subscribers, one PPTP server for authorization and Internet access may not be able to cope with the load. Therefore, sometimes providers install a whole farm of PPTP servers. To ensure equal load distribution across all PPTP servers, load balancing is used using DNS. This method is based on the fact that DNS server periodically polls each PPTP server to determine the current load. The DNS server then responds to the host address query by returning the IP address of the least loaded PPTP server.

From the users' point of view, the process of setting up a computer to connect to the Internet using the PPTP and L2TP protocols is not much different from setting up a connection using the PPPoE protocol. The problem of simultaneous access to the Internet and local resources of the provider’s home network is solved in a similar way.

Next, we will look at setting up an Internet connection using the PPTP and L2TP protocols on one computer (without a router) running Windows XP SP2 (English version) and Windows Vista (Russian version), as well as setting up a router. Note that the procedure for creating a connection using the PPTP protocol is no different from the procedure for creating a connection using the L2TP protocol, and therefore we will limit ourselves to considering only the PPTP protocol.

Setting up an Internet connection on a PC running Microsoft Windows XP SP2

When connecting to the Internet via PPTP or L2TP on a PC running Microsoft Windows XP SP2, the first steps to create are the same as when connecting to the Internet via PPPoE. To create a new connection, run New Connection Wizard by running the following commands: Start > Programs > Accessories > Communications > New Connection Wizard.

In the dialog box that opens New Connection Wizard(New Connection Wizard) go to the section New Connection Type(Network connection type) and check the box Connect to the Network at my workplace(Connect to the network at your workplace) - fig. 32.

Rice. 32. Setting the network connection type

In the next section called Network Connection(Network connection) select how to connect to the network and check the box Virtual Private Network connection(Connecting to a virtual private network) - fig. 33.

Rice. 33. Setting the network connection method

Rice. 34. Setting a name for the Internet connection

In chapter Public Network(Public network) checkbox must be checked Do not dial the initial connection(Do not dial the number to pre-connect) - fig. 35.

Rice. 35. Installation of connection details

Then in the section VPN Server Selection(Select VPN Server) you must specify the name or IP address of the VPN server to which you are connecting. This data must be obtained from the provider (Fig. 36).

Rice. 36. Setting the name (IP address) of the VPN server

This completes the procedure for creating an Internet connection. You can check the box Add shortcut to this connection to my desktop(Add a connection shortcut to your desktop).

After creating a new connection using New Connection Wizards left-click on the icon of the created connection and in the Internet connection window that opens, enter the username and password received from the provider (Fig. 37). To avoid repeating this procedure every time you access the Internet, check the box Save this user name and password for the following users:(Save username and password).

Rice. 37. Setting a username and password

Setting up an Internet connection for a PC running Microsoft Windows Vista

If you are using the Microsoft Windows Vista operating system to create an Internet connection using the PPTP protocol, open the window Shared Network Center and select the link on the left side Establishing a connection or network by clicking on it with the left mouse button. After this a window should open Connect to the network, in which you need to select the item Connection to the workplace(Fig. 38).

Rice. 38. Launching the Internet Connection Wizard

At the next stage, select the item Use my Internet connection (VPN)(Fig. 39) and further (in the next window) - item Postpone Internet connection setup(Fig. 40).

Rice. 39. VPN connection setup step

Rice. 40. In this section you need to select the item Postpone connection setup
to the Internet

In the next window in the field Internet address you need to enter the VPN server address received from the provider (for example, vpn.corbina.ru), and in the field Destination name- connection name (Fig. 41).

Rice. 41. Setting the VPN server address

In the next window, enter the username and password that you need to obtain from your provider (Fig. 42).

Rice. 42. Setting a username and password

Then in the window The connection is ready to use press the button Close. This completes the process of creating a new connection.

If now in the window Network and Sharing Center select link Connect to the network, then in the window that opens there will be a shortcut to the created VPN connection (Fig. 43). By right-clicking on it and selecting the item in the context menu Properties, you can check all the settings of the created connection and, if necessary, adjust them.

Rice. 43. Displaying a shortcut for the created connection in the window
Connect to the network

If you double-click on the created connection shortcut with the left mouse button, the connection process will start.

After a successful connection, a window will appear asking you to select the user’s location (private, work, public). It is recommended to select a placement type Public. This will limit detection of computers and devices on your home network.

Solving the problem of simultaneous connection to the Internet and local home network resources

As we have already noted, from the user’s point of view, the main problem of connecting via the PPTP/L2TP protocol is that the created Internet connection does not provide simultaneous access to local home network resources. This problem is solved in exactly the same way as in the case of a PPPoE connection - by creating two connections (in this case, it is possible to use either the Internet or resources of the local home network) or a static routing table (in this case, the Internet connection can be used simultaneously for access to local home network resources). We have already described how a static routing table is created, and, naturally, the procedure for creating it does not depend at all on the type of connection.

As an example, here are the commands for adding static routes used in the Corbina telecom network, where a PPTP or L2TP connection is used.

Common to all:

route -p add 85.21.29.242 mask 255.255.255.255

The local network:

route -p add 10.0.0.0 mask 255.0.0.0

Statistics server:

route -p add 195.14.50.26 mask 255.255.255.255

Mail server:

route -p add 195.14.50.16 mask 255.255.255.255

Local resources:

route -p add 85.21.79.0 mask 255.255.255.0

route -p add 85.21.90.0 mask 255.255.255.0

Game servers:

route -p add 83.102.231.32 mask 255.255.255.240

route -p add 85.21.108.16 mask 255.255.255.240

route -p add 85.21.138.208 mask 255.255.255.240

route -p add 85.21.52.254 mask 255.255.255.255

route -p add 85.21.88.130 mask 255.255.255.255

route -p add 83.102.146.96 mask 255.255.255.224

Setting up an Internet connection via PPTP or L2TP using a router

If you want to access the Internet via PPTP or L2TP using a router, you will need a router that supports these VPN protocols. Note that not all routers support them, and support for the L2TP protocol is generally very rare.

The process of setting up a router to create a connection using the PPTP or L2TP protocol is very simple: in the WAN interface settings section, select the connection type: PPTP (L2TP) - and enter the username and password received from the provider. After this, all computers connected to the router via LAN ports will be able to use the Internet connection.

If you need access not only to the Internet, but also to the resources of the provider’s local network, then not just any router that supports the PPTP or L2TP protocol will do. As in the case of a PPPoE connection, you need a router that supports the simultaneous operation of two connections on the WAN interface and allows you to register a static routing table (how to do this has already been described in the corresponding section).

As we have already noted, with a large number of subscribers, providers can use an entire farm of PPTP servers, and to ensure uniform load distribution across all PPTP servers, server load balancing is used using a DNS server.

For proper operation of the subscriber router in such a network, in addition to the ability to specify a PPTP server domain name, it must provide the ability to change the IP address of the PPTP server known to it every time a connection is established, regardless of the reason for the termination of the previous PPTP connection. In addition, often the PPTP server may not be located in the user’s segment, but in a remote segment of the provider’s local network, then access to the PPTP server is possible only through the gateway. Therefore, it is not a fact that even if you use a router that supports the PPTP/L2TP protocol and the ability to create a static routing table, everything will work.

conclusions

After a quick tutorial on setting up home routers, it becomes clear that the answer to which router to choose depends on what type of connection your ISP uses. If it uses a connection with a static or dynamic IP address (as a rule, bound by MAC address), then this is the simplest case, from the user’s point of view, and any router will suit you. If you are using a connection via the PPPoE protocol, then you need a router that, firstly, supports this protocol, and secondly, allows you to register static routing tables.

When using a connection via a VPN channel (PPTP or L2TP protocol), you will need a router that, firstly, supports these protocols, secondly, allows you to register static routing tables, and thirdly, provides the ability to specify a PPTP server with a domain name and change the IP address of the PPTP server known to him every time a connection is established, regardless of the reason for the termination of the previous PPTP connection. Of these router models, the following can be noted:

• MSI RG54G3;
• D-Link DWL-2100AP;
• ZyXEL P-330W EE.

This, of course, does not mean that other routers will not work when using this type of connection, however, the listed models are guaranteed to provide simultaneous Internet access and access to home network resources. The best solution today on the market is ZyXEL router P-330W EE, which compares favorably with other models in its ease of configuration using the specialized ZyXEL NetFriend program.

In this manual, we will take a detailed look at the Wi-Fi setup process. D-Link router DIR-300 NRU for Internet provider Rostelecom. This guide is completely suitable for you if you need to configure the DIR-300 router in the following modifications and with the following firmware:

• DIR-300 A/C1 (firmware update may be required)
• DIR-300 NRU B7 with firmware 1.3.x and 1.4.x
• DIR-300 NRU B5/B6 with firmware 1.3.x and 1.4.x

Update: if you have a router with firmware 2.5.11, 2.5.19 or 2.15.12, and the web interface looks like the following screenshot, use the instructions:

• Preparing for setup
• Connecting the router for setup
• How to go into the router settings and find out what firmware it is
• Setting up Rostelecom connection on DIR-300 B5, B6, B7 firmware 1.3.0, 1.3.1, 1.3.3, 1.3.4
• Setting up a Rostelecom connection on firmware DIR-300 B5, B6, B7 1.4.0, 1.4.1, 1.4.3, 1.4.5, 1.4.8, 1.4.9 and DIR-300 A/C1 1.0.0 and older
• Setting up Rostelecom IPTV on DIR-300

Video instructions for setting up a Wi-Fi router D-Link DIR-300 for Rostelecom

If you are too lazy to read a long text manual, you can quickly set up the router using the video below. It shows the setup process with the two latest firmwares, including setting up wireless security Wi-Fi networks.

Preparing for setup

First of all, if you have already attempted to configure your wireless router (the same as a Wi-Fi router), I recommend resetting the device to factory settings. For this purpose, leaving the D-Link DIR-300 plugged in, press and hold the RESET button on its reverse side for 10-15 seconds. Then release her. It will take another 20-30 seconds to reboot the router.

• In Windows 8 and Windows 7, go to the Network and Sharing Center (you can do this through the Control Panel, or by right-clicking on the connection icon in the taskbar). In the menu on the left, select “Change adapter settings”, then in the list of connections, right-click and select “Properties”. Go to the third point.
• In Windows XP, go to “Control Panel” - “Network Connections”. Select the local network connection, right-click on it and select “Properties”. See below.
• The connection properties window will appear. In the list of components used by the connection, select Internet Protocol Version 4 TCP/IPv4 and click the Properties button.
• Make sure that the connection settings are set to “Obtain an IP address automatically” and “Obtain DNS server address automatically”, i.e. as shown in the picture below. If this is not the case, then make the necessary changes, and then save the settings made.

The last point is to disconnect the Rostelecom connection on your computer. Moreover, neither during setup of the DIR-300 nor after its completion, do not turn on this connection again, because it will have to be installed by the router itself. Otherwise, the Internet will only be available on this computer, but not via Wi-Fi.

Connecting DIR-300 for setting up Rostelecom

On the back of your Wi-Fi router there are five ports, one of which is signed Internet, the rest are LAN, numbered from 1 to 4. The Rostelecom cable must be connected to the Internet port and nowhere else. Even if when you connected Rostelecom television, company employees came to you and connected an Internet cable to the LAN port, do not leave it like that - they did not do it because it was correct. Connect one of the LAN ports on the router to the network card connector of the computer or laptop from which you will configure. Plug the router into a power outlet.

How to go into the router settings and find out what firmware it is

Currently, there are two types of current firmware for Wi-Fi routers D-Link DIR-300 B5, B6, B7 and A/C1. We will look at setting up a Rostelecom connection and a Wi-Fi network on both. If you want to change the firmware to a newer one, then instructions on how to do this are at the end of this article.

In order to go into the settings of the DIR-300 router (NRU), launch any Internet browser and enter in the address bar: 192.168.0.1, then press Enter.

When prompted for a login and password, enter the default values ​​used on D-Link DIR-300 wireless routers - admin and admin in both fields. Immediately after this, if the router has been reset to factory settings or if you just took it out of the box, you will be asked to change the default password to your own. Do this and click "OK". After this, you will find yourself on the main router settings page, which, depending on the version, may have the following appearance:

First, let's look at setting up DIR-300 for Rostelecom on a newer firmware - 1.4.x, if we are talking about a router with hardware revisions B5, B6 and B7 and 1.0.x, if we have DIR-300 A/C1 (however, for the latter, other firmware No). Then there will be a guide for setting up an older firmware version 1.3.0, 1.3.1, 1.3.3, so if you have exactly this version, you can immediately go to the corresponding section of the instructions. Or, if you wish, update the firmware to the latest official version from the D-Link website.

Configuring Rostelecom PPPoE connection on firmware DIR-300 B5, B6, B7 1.4.0, 1.4.1, 1.4.3, 1.4.5, 1.4.8, 1.4.9 and DIR-300 A/C1 1.0.x

At the bottom of the main page of the DIR-300 Wi-Fi router settings, click “Advanced settings”. If you have an English interface, then the language can be changed in a special item at the top of the page.

On the router’s advanced settings page, on the “Network” tab, click WAN.

On the page with a list of connections, where at the moment there is only the “Dynamic IP” connection, click on this connection, and on the page that opens at the bottom, select “Delete”. You will be returned to the list of connections, which will now be empty. Click Add.

Now the most important task is to fill in the parameters correctly PPPoE connections Rostelecom. Use the following parameters (values ​​not specified do not need to be changed):

• Connection type- PPPoE
• Username- Your login for the Rostelecom Internet
• Password and password confirmation- Your Rostelecom credentials
• Click "Save"

At the top of the settings page of the D-Link DIR-300 router, a notification light has been blinking for some time indicating that the settings need to be saved. It's time to do it. Click on the indicator and select "Save".

Refresh the page in your browser. If the settings were made correctly (and the Internet connection on the computer itself is broken), then the created Rostelecom connection should be in the “Connected” status. You can go to the section about setting up a wireless network.

Setting up Rostelecom PPPoE connection on DIR-300 B5, B6, B7 firmware 1.3.0, 1.3.1, 1.3.3, 1.3.4

In order to configure Rostelecom on the DIR-300 with the specified firmware, on the main page of the router settings, click “Configure manually”, then on the “Network” tab, select “WAN” and click on the connection already existing there to open its parameters. Click "Delete".

Remove WAN connection Dynamic IP

This will take you back to the list of connections, but now it will be empty. Click “Add”.

All that is now required is to configure the Rostelecom connection parameters in our DIR-300. You can see them in the picture. Fill in as follows:

• Connection type- PPPoE
• Username- Rostelecom login (for Internet)
• Password and password confirmation- Your password for Rostelecom Internet
• Check the box Keep Alive, if it is currently disabled

Click "Save". You will be returned to the list of connections, including the newly created one. Also at the top of the list there will be a notification that you need to save the settings. Save them. Now, if you have made no mistakes, and the Rostelecom connection on the computer itself is broken, you can refresh the page and see that the connection status has changed to “Connected”. Now you can proceed to setting up your wireless Wi-Fi network settings.

Configuring wireless network settings, how to set a password for Wi-Fi

Again, we will divide the instructions for setting up Wi-Fi into two parts. First, a guide will be given for the newer firmware, then for the DIR-300 router with firmware 1.3.x.

Setting up Wi-Fi on DIR-300 with firmware 1.4.1 - 1.4.9

In order to configure the wireless network settings on the D-Link DIR-300 router with latest firmware, return to the main page of the router administration panel (click " Quick setup" at the bottom of the page or simply enter 192.168.0.1 into address bar browser).

On the left you will see the “Wi-Fi” item. Click on the “Wireless Network Setup Wizard” link. On the following pages you will be asked to step by step specify all the parameters of the wireless Wi-Fi network being created, as well as set a Wi-Fi password. The key points when setting up will be (the rest can be left unchanged):

• SSID- this is the name of the wireless network, by default it is visible to everyone within the range of the wireless router and serves so that you can identify it among other wireless networks.
• A country- here I recommend changing “Russian Federation” to “United States of America”.
• Network authentication- install WPA2-PSK as the most secure method.
• PSK encryption key- this is your Wi-Fi password. With the type of network authentication specified above, it must consist of at least 8 characters - Latin letters and numbers.
• After that, click "Save".
• Also, don’t forget to click “Save” at the top (near the light bulb) - this will avoid resetting your settings after turning off the router’s power.

This completes the wireless network setup. Now you can connect via Wi-Fi from your phone, tablet or laptop and surf the Internet wirelessly. If you also need to set up IPTV television for Rostelecom, then proceed to the next section.

Setting up Wi-Fi on DIR-300 with firmware 1.3.0 - 1.3.3

To set the wireless network parameters on the D-Link DIR-300 router with firmware 1.3.x, go to the page manual settings and select the "Wi-Fi" tab. Then - the “Basic Settings” subtab. On the page that appears, you can set the following parameters:

• SSID- this is the name of your wireless network, by which you will distinguish your network from others in the house. I recommend using the Latin alphabet.
• A country- I recommend setting USA instead of “Russia”.
• Save your settings.

Then go to the “Security Settings” subtab, here we will set a password for the wireless network:

• In the network authentication field, enter WPA2-PSK- this is the most secure for home use method.
• In field PSK encryption key Please enter a password of at least 8 characters.
• Click the "Edit" button.
• A notification will appear indicating that you need to save all the settings you have made. Do it.

The WI-Fi setup on your wireless router is now complete. You can try connecting wirelessly from any devices that support it. If you need to set up Rostelecom IPTV TV, then read on.

Setting up Rostelecom IPTV television on D-Link DIR-300

To configure IPTV on both wireless firmware options D-Link router DIR-300 (NRU) is not fundamentally different. On the main page of the router with firmware 1.3.x, click “Configure IPTV”. If you have firmware 1.4.x, then click “IPTV Setup Wizard”.

After this, you will need to select the port that will be used to connect the Rostelecom TV set-top box (the Internet will not work through this port). Select and save. This completes the setup.

I hope this instruction helped you.