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In every computer and other similar devices, the most popular is the USB connector. Using a USB cable, it became possible to connect more than 100 units of series-connected devices. These buses allow you to connect and disconnect any devices even during operation personal computer. Almost all devices can be charged through this connector, so there is no need to use additional power supplies. USB pinout colors help you determine exactly what type of device a particular bus belongs to.

USB device and purpose

The first ports of this type appeared in the nineties of the last century. After some time, these connectors were updated to the USB 2.0 model. The speed of their work has increased more than 40 times. Currently, computers have new interface USB 3.0 with speeds 10 times faster than the previous version.

There are other types of connectors of this type, known as micro and mini USB, used in modern phones, smartphones, tablets. Each bus has its own pinout or pinout. It may be required if you need to make your own adapter from one type of connector to another. Knowing all the intricacies of the arrangement of wires, you can even make a charger for mobile phone. However, it should be remembered that in case incorrect connection the device may be damaged.

The USB 2.0 connector is designed as a flat connector with four pins. Depending on the purpose, it is labeled as AF (BF) and AM (BM), which corresponds to the common name “mother” and “father”. Mini and micro devices have the same markings. They differ from conventional buses in that they have five contacts. A USB 3.0 device looks similar to the 2.0 model, except for the internal design, which already has nine pins.

Pinout of USB 2.0 and 3.0 connectors

The wiring in the USB 2.0 model is in the following order:

The red conductor to which the supply voltage is supplied direct current with a value of +5V.
A white conductor used to transmit information data. It is designated by the marking “D-”.
The conductor is painted green color. It also transmits information. It is marked as "D+".
The conductor is black. It is supplied with zero supply voltage. It is called the common wire and is designated by its own mark in the form of an inverted T.

The layout of the wires in the 3.0 model is completely different. The first four contact wires fully correspond to the USB 2.0 connector.

The main difference between USB 3.0 is the following wires:

Conductor No. 5 is blue. It transmits information with a negative value.
Conductor No. 6, yellow, like the previous contact, is intended to transmit information that has a positive meaning.
Conductor No. 7 is used as additional grounding.
Conductor No. 8 is purple and conductor No. 9 is orange. They perform the function of receiving data with negative and positive values, respectively.

Wiring and pinout of micro- and mini-USB connectors

Micro USB connectors are most often used in tablets and smartphones. Pinout from standard buses micro usb differ in significantly smaller sizes and the presence of five contacts. They are marked as micro-AF(BF) and micro-AM(BM), which corresponds to “mother” and “father”.

Micro-USB wiring is done in the following order:

Contact No. 1 is red. Voltage is supplied through it.
Contacts Nos. 2 and 3, white and green, are used for transmission.
Contact No. 4, lilac, performs special functions in certain tire models.
Contact No. 5, black, is the neutral wire.

The pinout of the mini USB connector by color is carried out in the same way as in micro-USB connectors.

Pinout micro usb charging connector- The USB bus connector appeared around the beginning of 1990, and its main purpose was to be used in household radio equipment. Today micro usb connector has become extremely popular not only in household devices, but also in professional multimedia devices. However, its “everyday” origins are clearly visible in the fact that these plug-in format connectors are installed on almost any audio-video equipment, without exception.

The first connecting connectors differed from modern ones in their large sizes, although its socket was normally installed in small-sized portable devices. Over time, the sizes of USB connectors have acquired compact forms in various variants, such as MINI-USB, MICRO-USB and simply USB. These types of connecting devices made it possible to carry out its main functional purpose. At the same time, they differed significantly in size and ease of use from the earlier created analogue.

Device and pinout of micro usb charging connector

The micro usb connecting device consists of five contact pads, an insulated mounting wire is connected to each pad. For precise orientation of the connector when connecting to the mating part of the connector, a special chamfer is made on the edge of its upper shielding part. The contact pads of the connector are numbered from one to five, which are read from right to left. For clarity, this is shown in the picture below. The wiring diagram for the micro USB connector, as well as the purpose of its contacts isolated from each other, are shown in the table:

Micro USB pinout by wire color

The shielding shell also serves as a wire, but is not soldered to a separate contact pad.

Modern connecting devices such as micro USB connectors have fairly good performance characteristics and a relatively low price. Therefore, given the availability of a huge number of different connecting wires of this type in the trade, repairs of such auxiliary equipment are carried out extremely rarely. But still, if you have to replace a defective connector socket, then pinout the micro USB connector will not cause much trouble. Structurally well-made micro USB connectors, even despite their miniature dimensions, they will not allow you to make serious mistakes in installation.

Problems with USB charging usually appear when used stranger (not native) charger. The gadget may charge slowly, not fully, or may even refuse to charge at all. Actually, this article is devoted to this problem. But first I have to say a few things important comments Regarding USB charging in general.

Oddly enough, some mobile devices Doesn't support USB charging at all mini/micro, although they are equipped with it. For example, some tablets are equipped with a separate (round) socket for connecting charger (memory).
When charging the device from Computer USB it should be understood that USB port capable of delivering a current of no more than 0.5 amperes () or no more than 0.9 amperes (). And if a higher current (1÷2 amperes) is required to charge the device, then the charging time can be painfully long, even indefinitely. You will have to look for a charger of suitable power.
To understand which contacts are responsible for what in USB connectors and how they are numbered, read the article “”. In short: the first pin in USB is +5 volts, and the last is ground.

The practical side of the issue is that the gadget sees the voltages it needs on pins 2 and 3, and this is ensured by connecting various resistances between the pins of the USB charger. At the end of the article there is a drawing of various types of charging ports (without reference to gadget models) indicating the voltages on pins 2 and 3. It also indicates what resistances this can be achieved. And right now we’ll look at what certain models of gadgets expect from the charger port.

Nokia, Fly, Philips, LG, Explay, Dell Venue and many other devices will recognize the charger only if the Data+ and Data- pins (2nd and 3rd) are shorted or shorted with a resistor of no more than 200 Ohms ▼
You can short-circuit pins 2 and 3 in the USB_AF socket of the charger and easily charge your phone via a standard data cable. The Freelander PD10 Typhoon tablet supports the same circuit, but in addition it requires an increased charge voltage, namely 5.3 volts.
If the charger already has an output cord (instead of an output jack), and you need to solder a mini/micro USB plug to it, then do not forget to connect pins 2 and 3 in the mini/micro USB itself. In this case, you solder the plus to 1 contact, and the minus to the 5th (last). ▼

HTC and others " Koreans": one resistor 30 kOhm between +5 and jumper D-D+; another resistor 10 kOhm between GND and jumper D-D+ ▼

iPhone and other products " Apple" The tablet is readily charged from the same port Freelander PX1. ▼

A car charger that claims to be universal " Ginzzu GR-4415U" and its analogues are equipped with two output sockets: "" and " Apple" or "iPhone". The pinout of these sockets is shown below. ▼

Old Motorola"requires" a resistor 200 kOhm between pins 4 and 5 of the USB micro-BM plug. Without a resistor, the device does not charge until it is completely charged. ▼

Apparatus E-ten(“Raccoon”) is not interested in the state of these contacts, and will support even a simple charger. But it has an interesting requirement for the charging cable - the “Raccoon” charges only if pins 4 and 5 are short-circuited in the mini-USB plug. ▼

For power or charge Garmin navigator A special data cable is required. Just to power the navigator via a data cable, you need to short-circuit pins 4 and 5 of the mini-USB plug. To recharge, you need to connect pins 4 and 5 through an 18 kOhm resistor. ▼

Separate topic - charging tablets. As a rule, a tablet requires a decent current (1÷1.5 amperes) to charge, and charging through the mini/micro-USB socket in many tablets is simply not provided by the manufacturer. After all, even USB 3.0 will not provide more than 0.9 amperes.
True, some tablet models can be charged slowly and sadly when turned off.
On YouTube, one guy suggests installing a jumper in the 3Q tablet between the first contact of the mini/micro-USB socket (this is +5 V) and the positive (central) contact of the round (coaxial) charging socket. They say that this tablet has enough current from USB, it’s just that the + USB socket is not connected to the battery charge controller. After installing the jumper, the tablet supposedly charges. In principle, this is a way out if it itself is round charging socket already broken.
On the contrary, if the round socket is ok, but for some reason you want to take power for charging from a USB computer or charger with such a connector, then you can make such an adapter. ▼

True, it has nothing to do with the topic of this article.

I repeat, detailed information can be found in the article. Here I will give a summary diagram of the voltages on the USB contacts, indicating the values of the resistors that allow certain voltages to be obtained. Where a resistance of 200 Ohms is indicated, you need to install a jumper, the resistance of which should not exceed those same 200 Ohms.

The diagram is clickable ▼

So, if you want to convert a regular charger into a USB charger for your phone:

make sure the device produces about 5 volts DC voltage
find out if this charger is capable of delivering a current of at least 500 mA
make the necessary changes to the connection of the USB-AF socket or USB-mini/micro plug

Related materials:

for charging from a 12 volt battery
volts on voltage stabilizers

Discussion: 554 comments

Thank you! Very useful material.
I bought a USB Carger with 8 ports. In it on tires USB data PC5889 chips are soldered - one for two ports. What is their purpose?

Answer

I bought a USB Charger for 8 ports. It contains microcircuits on the USB data line PC5889— one for 2 ports.
The datasheet is in Chinese (almost all of it). Can you explain the purpose of these microcircuits? There are guesses, but I want confirmation from a specialist.

Answer
1. I'm not familiar with mikruha. Looks like it's an intelligent charging system - it's sorting through Various types ports, remembers which type had the maximum charge current and turns on exactly this type.
  
  Answer
  1. Here is a similar device, only instead of these micros there are ordinary resistive dividers
    https://lygte-info.dk/review/USBpower%208%20port%20usb%20charger%20YC-CDA6%20UK.html
    looks like Apple gadgets.
    I'll try to attach a photo of my device
    Thanks for the quick response and attempt to help!
    
    Answer
    1. Yes, on a similar device there is a fixed encoding of the ports - even the outputs are labeled (in a household way).
      
      And in the device from the first comment, the ports really adapt to the gadget. In the first diagram, the selection of port types is manual, in the second - automatic.
      Please give me a link to it.
      
      Answer

Charging problems various devices via USB often occur when non-standard chargers are used. At the same time, charging occurs rather slowly and incompletely or completely absent.

It should also be said that charging via USB is not possible with all mobile devices. They have this port only for data transfer, and a separate round socket is used for charging.

The output current in computer USB is no more than half an ampere for USB 2.0, and for USB 3.0 – 0.9 A. For a number of devices, this may not be enough for a normal charge.

It happens that you have a charger at your disposal, but it does not charge your gadget (this may be indicated by a message on the display or there will be no charge indication). Such a charger is not supported by your device, and this may be due to the fact that a number of gadgets scan for the presence of a certain voltage on pins 2 and 3 before starting the charging process. For other devices, the presence of a jumper between these pins, as well as their potential, may be important.

Thus, if the device does not support the proposed type of charger, then the charging process will never begin.

In order for the device to start charging from the charger provided to it, it is necessary to provide the necessary voltages on the 2nd and 3rd USB pins. For different devices these voltages may also differ.

Many devices require that pins 2 and 3 have a jumper or resistance element whose value is no more than 200 ohms. Such changes can be made in the USB_AF socket, which is located in your memory. Then it will be possible to charge using a standard Data cable.

The Freelander Typhoon PD10 gadget requires the same connection circuit, but the charge voltage must be at 5.3 V.

If the charger does not have a USB_AF socket, and the cord comes out directly from the charger case, you can solder mini-USB or micro-USB plugs to the cable. Connections must be made as shown in the following picture:

Various Apple products have this connection option:

In the absence of a 200 kOhm resistance element on pins 4 and 5, Motorola devices cannot carry out a full charge.

For charging Samsung Galaxy It is necessary to have a jumper on pins 2 and 3, as well as a 200 kOhm resistor element on pins 4 and 5.

Samsung fully charged Galaxy Tab in a gentle mode, it is recommended to use two resistors with a nominal value of 33 kOhm and 10 kOhm, as shown in the picture below:

A device such as E-ten can be charged by any charger, but only on the condition that pins 4 and 5 are connected by a jumper.

This scheme is implemented in the USB-OTG cable. But in this case, you need to use an additional male-to-male USB adapter.

The Ginzzu GR-4415U universal charger and other similar devices have sockets with different resistor connections for charging iPhone/Apple and Samsung/HTC devices. The pinout of these ports looks like this:

To charge Garmin navigator, you need the same cable with a jumper on pins 4 and 5. But in this case, the device cannot be charged during operation. In order for the navigator to be recharged, it is necessary to replace the jumper with a resistor rated 18 kOhm.

Tablets usually require 1-1.5A to charge, but as mentioned earlier, USB ports will not be able to charge them properly as USB 3.0 will only output 900mA maximum.

Some tablet models have a round coaxial socket for charging. In this case, the positive pin of the mini-USB/micro-USB socket does not have a connection to the battery charge controller. According to some users of such tablets, if you connect the plus from the USB socket to the plus of the coaxial socket with a jumper, charging can be carried out via USB.

You can also make an adapter for connecting to a coaxial socket, as shown in the figure below:

Here are the jumper diagrams indicating the voltage and resistor values:

As a result, in order to charge various gadgets from non-native chargers, you need to make sure that the charging produces a voltage of 5 V and a current of at least 500 mA, and make changes in the socket or USB plug according to your device's requirements.

Convenient storage radio components

USB (Universal Serial Bus- "universal serial bus") - serial data transfer interface for medium- and low-speed peripheral devices. A 4-wire cable is used for connection, with two wires used to receive and transmit data, and 2 wires to power the peripheral device. Thanks to the built-in lines USB power supply allows you to connect peripheral devices without its own power supply.

USB Basics

USB cable consists of 4 copper conductors - 2 power conductors and 2 data conductors in twisted pair, and a grounded braid (screen).USB cables have physically different tips “to the device” and “to the host”. It is possible to implement a USB device without a cable, with a “to-host” tip built into the housing. It is also possible to permanently integrate the cable into the device(for example, USB keyboard, Web camera, USB mouse), although the standard prohibits this for full and high speed devices.

USB bus strictly oriented, i.e. it has the concept of a “master device” (host, also known as a USB controller, usually built into the south bridge chip on motherboard) and "peripheral devices".

Devices can receive +5 V power from the bus, but may also require external source nutrition. A standby mode is also supported for devices and splitters upon command from the bus, removing the main power while maintaining standby power and turning it on upon command from the bus.

USB supportsHot plugging and unplugging of devices. This is possible due to the increase in the length of the grounding contact conductor in relation to the signal ones. When connected USB connector are the first to close grounding contacts, the potentials of the housings of the two devices become equal and further connection of the signal conductors does not lead to overvoltages, even if the devices are powered from different phases of a three-phase power network.

At the logical level USB device supports transactions for receiving and transmitting data. Each packet of each transaction contains a number endpoint on the device. When a device is connected, drivers in the OS kernel read a list of endpoints from the device and create control data structures to communicate with each endpoint on the device. The collection of endpoints and data structures in the OS kernel is called pipe.

Endpoints, and therefore channels, belong to one of 4 classes:

continuous (bulk),
manager (control),
isochronous (isoch),
interrupt.

Low speed devices such as a mouse cannot have isochronous and flow channels.

Control channel designed for exchanging short question-answer packets with the device. Any device has control channel 0, which allows software The OS reads brief information about the device, including manufacturer and model codes used to select a driver, and a list of other endpoints.

Interrupt channel allows you to deliver short packets in both directions, without receiving a response/confirmation, but with a guarantee of delivery time - the packet will be delivered no later than in N milliseconds. For example, used in input devices (keyboards, mice or joysticks).

Isochronous channel allows you to deliver packets without a guarantee of delivery and without replies/confirmations, but with a guaranteed delivery speed of N packets per bus period (1 KHz for low and full speed, 8 KHz for high speed). Used to transmit audio and video information.

Flow channel provides a guarantee of delivery of each packet, supports automatic suspension of data transmission due to device reluctance (buffer overflow or underrun), but does not guarantee delivery speed and delay. Used, for example, in printers and scanners.

Bus time is divided into periods, at the beginning of the period the controller transmits the “beginning of period” packet to the entire bus. Then, during the period, interrupt packets are transmitted, then isochronous ones in the required quantity; for the remaining time in the period, control packets are transmitted, and lastly, stream packets.

Active side of the bus is always the controller, the transfer of a data packet from the device to the controller is implemented as a short question from the controller and a long response from the device containing data. The packet movement schedule for each bus period is created jointly by the controller hardware and driver software; for this, many controllers use Direct Memory Access DMA (Direct Memory Access) - mode of data exchange between devices or between the device and the main memory, without participation Central Processor (CPU). As a result, the transfer speed is increased since data is not sent back and forth to the CPU.

The packet size for an endpoint is a constant built into the device's endpoint table and cannot be changed. It is selected by the device developer from among those supported by the USB standard.

USB Specifications

Features, advantages and disadvantages of USB:

High transfer speed (full-speed signaling bit rate) - 12 Mb/s;
The maximum cable length for high transfer speed is 5 m;
Low-speed signaling bit rate - 1.5 Mb/s;
The maximum cable length for low communication speed is 3 m;
Maximum connected devices (including multipliers) - 127;
It is possible to connect devices with different baud rates;
There is no need to install additional elements such as terminators;
Supply voltage for peripheral devices - 5 V;
The maximum current consumption per device is 500 mA.

USB signals are transmitted over two wires of a shielded 4-wire cable.

USB 1.0 and USB 2.0 connector pinout

Type A		Type B
Fork (on cable)	Socket (on the computer)	Fork (on cable)	Socket (on peripheral device)

Names and functional assignments of USB 1.0 and USB 2.0 pins

Data 4 GND Ground (body)

Disadvantages of USB 2.0

At least the maximum USB 2.0 data transfer rate is 480 Mbit/s (60 MB/s), in real life achieving such speeds is unrealistic (~33.5 MB/sec in practice). This is due to the large delays on the USB bus between the request for data transfer and the actual start of the transfer. For example, the FireWire bus, although it has a lower peak bandwidth of 400 Mbps, which is 80 Mbps (10 MB/s) less than USB 2.0, actually allows for more throughput for exchanging data with hard drives and other storage devices. In this regard, various mobile drives have long been limited by the insufficient practical bandwidth of USB 2.0.

Pinout micro usb nokia. Pinout of USB connectors on the plug