It is difficult to answer unambiguously the question of why you need to know how to pin out RJ45 and crimp the cable at home. First of all, pinouts are in demand by people who have decided to renovate their apartment. The banal replacement of the cable sticking out of the window frame and the distribution of a high-speed network throughout the rooms is the second reason. Still others need to connect specific equipment; others want to play over a network between two computers. Knowledge is never superfluous.
About the cable and tool
The most important component is the twisted pair cable. On store shelves it is found with four and eight cores. The difference in price occurs due to the country of origin and additional shielding. Without going into electrophysics, let us explain that the cable received the name “twisted pair” due to the fact that all pairs of cores are intertwined. This interlacing allows you to transmit a signal via cable over a long distance (up to 100 meters without an amplifier). RJ45 pinouts are carried out by color. There is a specific sequence for each task, and each cable color corresponds to its position in the socket or connector.
A special crimping tool is used to crimp the cable, but if you don’t have one at hand, a hammer, flat-head screwdriver or knife will do. An RJ45 plug is also required for networking. It can be replaced with an old one, having first cleaned the channel for the wires, or expose the protruding ends of the wires for twisting.
Cable crimping technology
Pinout of RJ45 cable requires special training. The main thing is to remember that the technology is unchanged for cable crimping. Only the color sequence of the cable cores changes.
- The top layer of the winding is carefully cut off. The cut length is about 5-6 cm for ease of wiring.
- The wires lined up in the required color range are cut with scissors so that the length from the tips to the base of the common cable does not exceed 3 cm.
- By holding the plastic RJ45 plug with the clamping clip facing down, the wires are carefully inserted into the housing. If you look closely, each core has a special channel into which it is impossible to insert two cables. The main thing is to maintain the desired sequence.
- Using a little force, make sure that the ends of the wires touch the copper inserts on the edge of the crimp connector.
- Without allowing the cable to slip out of the connector, carefully crimp each core by pressing on the copper insert with a screwdriver or knife. You can gently increase the pressure with a hammer blow.
As a result of the work performed, all wires should be securely fastened in the plastic housing of the RJ45 plug. The other end of the clip with a common braid can be spliced for convenience with electrical tape.
Technology of cable routing in the socket
The pinout of an RJ45 socket does not require any specialized equipment, so the wiring local network on the object is carried out with great pleasure and speed. You only need one tool - nail scissors or a small knife with a thin blade.
- The top layer of the winding is carefully cut off. The cut length is about 10 cm for ease of wiring.
- The twists of all pairs are unwound and the wires are aligned so that from the base of the top layer to the tips of the wires they do not intersect.
- Any socket has two color markings. “A” - cross connection, “B” - standard connection. According to the last marking, the RJ45 pinout is carried out.
- Having attached the base of the braid to the board, first the cores are inserted into the far connectors. Be sure to check the cable tension so that the distance from the braid to the clamp does not exceed 3 cm.
- Having secured the cable cores in the required connectors, crimping is performed. Holding the nail scissors so that the angle of the cutting guides is 45 degrees, you need to press on the core from above until you hear a characteristic metal click.
Installation of a socket for a century
The main thing to consider when installing a power outlet on a wall is the position of the connectors in relation to the floor. Connectors should always face down. Firstly, it protects the contacts from becoming clogged with dust and moisture. Secondly, when you quickly connect the cable from below, there is less chance of accidentally knocking down the socket mount on the wall. Even from an aesthetic point of view, connecting the cable from below is not so striking and does not spoil the beautiful decor in the room.
In addition to its direct purpose, a computer network socket is used to transmit extraneous signals (telephony, stereo sound, video signal). After all, it’s no secret that for connecting the Internet, the RJ45 pinout is critical for four cores, the rest are either spare or for gigabit networks, which are not organized at home in the post-Soviet countries.
Connecting to the Internet in a standard way
RJ45 pinout by color when creating a cable for connection personal computer with network equipment it looks like this.
- White-orange.
- Orange.
- White-green.
- Blue.
- White and blue.
- Green.
- White-brown.
- Brown.
If there is a need to connect to two computers using one cable or to send another signal through the free wires, then the pinout is made in two pairs - green and orange, observing the sequence and numbering in the connector. That is, connections 1, 2, 3, 6 in the RJ45 plug should be occupied according to their color distributions.
There are times when one or more active cores are broken. An alternative RJ45 pinout will come to the rescue. 2 pairs are replaced with other colors. The orange pair is replaced by a brown one, and the green pair by a blue one. The numbering of the connectors in the plug does not change.
Connecting two computers together
Recently, the RJ45 computer-to-computer pinout is not in demand. After all, most modern network adapters have learned to understand what the user wants from them. The information will be useful to those owners whose adapters do not know how to “reverse” the wires in the power plug.
This cable is also suitable for connecting two network hubs that do not have an Uplink switch. To make it easier to remember the color pinout of the crossover cable, it is enough to see that pairs 1-2 have swapped places with pairs 3-6. The remaining color pairs should be given attention if network adapters are able to work in gigabit networks, otherwise they can be used for other needs.
Connecting peripheral equipment
It is unlikely that most people will need the RJ45-USB pinout, but it won’t hurt to gain knowledge about it. This strange connection is actively used when connecting expensive server systems, and is also quite popular in the banking industry, when connecting office equipment and cash registers. It is better to do the pinout using a soldering iron, but if you don’t have one, everything will work even with twists.
The fully crimped cable in the RJ45 plug is cut with a knife to the required length. The cut end is stripped of 5 cm from the winding. Any plug of the USB cable is disassembled or cut so that the connectors are accessible. Before cutting the wires in the USB plug, you need to strip the red and black cables down to the copper base and twist them together. After all the manipulations, the following RJ45 connection to USB is made.
- The white-green wire from the third connection is soldered to the red-black USB twist (GND).
- The blue wire from the fourth connector is connected to the green one USB cable(RX).
- The white-blue wire from the fifth connection is connected to a white USB (TX) cable.
For structural strength, you can use electrical tape.
Finally
Pinout of RJ45 should not be particularly difficult. There is no need to worry that due to poor-quality crimping the communication channel will be lost or a short circuit will occur. Nothing like this will happen even in theory. Working carelessly with a knife or screwdriver instead of a professional tool can only create slight interference in the line, which is reduced to zero on cable sections of up to five meters. But you still need to strive to achieve maximum results. It’s better to do it once, but do the job efficiently and forever.
| Posted on 04/11/2017 |How to properly crimp RJ-45 connectors (category 5, twisted pair). Direct wiring. Cross wiring
1. Direct crimping procedure for the twisted pair cable leading from the workstation to the hub.
2. Cross-link (crossover, crossover) order of twisted pair crimping.
It is used when it is necessary to connect 2 hubs that do not have uplink/normal switching, as well as for direct connection of 2 computers.
Options for wiring (cutting) eight-core twisted pair
Four wires (orange and green pair) are used for 100Base-T Ethernet, and the remaining four are reserved for Gigabit Ethernet (1000Base-T). There are two wiring options 568A or 568B, the choice is yours. The second option (568B) is most often used. The most important thing is that one of the options is used throughout the network.
Appearance of the RJ-45 connector with pin numbering
The cable layout for connecting a computer to network equipment (patch cord) is presented in the table; the figures to the right of the table show appearance cable prepared for insertion into the connector (both connectors are crimped equally):
Cable routing for connection network cards two computers are directly different only in that at one end of the cable the green and orange pairs are swapped. Simply put, we get a cable with one connector is crimped according to option 586A, and the second according to option 586B. This cable is called a crossover or null-hub cable. The same wiring is used for cascading (connecting) hubs. In table form, this option looks like this:
Two computers can be connected using the wiring shown in the table below, but it is much more difficult to remember, so I present this option only for the sake of completeness of the review of the issue.
A computer local and Internet network is created using special cables. And in order to reduce the impact of various interferences, twisted pair cables are used, which are laid from the router to the computer or between PCs. Specialists of the portal “2 Schemes” will tell you in detail about the types of such cables, their installation and features of use. The cable design consists of 8 cores, which are twisted together and placed in a common braid. Usually 4 pair UTP cables are used, for example, these.
Types of color schemes for crimping LAN cables
Multiple crimp color schemes available per EIA/TIA-568 specification lan cable twisted pairs (patch cords) into an RJ-45 connector to connect computers to a router, hub, switch, or connect two computers to each other.
What is the difference between a patch cord and a twisted pair cable? A patch cord, or as it is also called a patch cord, is designed to connect electronic devices, for example, a computer with a hub, switch, or two computers together. To make a patch cord, you take a twisted-pair cable, the cores of which are made of stranded wire so that they do not break due to frequent kinks. To crimp such a cable, special RJ-45 connectors are used.
Types of cables for the Internet
Shielding provides better protection from electromagnetic interference, both external and internal, etc. The screen along its entire length is connected to a non-insulated drain wire, which unites the screen in case of division into sections due to excessive bending or stretching of the cable.
- Unprotected twisted pair(UTP - Unshielded twisted pair) - absent protective screen around an individual pair most often this is UTP category 5 and higher;
- Foil twisted pair(FTP - Foiled twisted pair) - also known as F/UTP, there is one common external screen in the form of foil;
- Protected twisted pair(STP - Shielded twisted pair) - there is protection in the form of a screen for each pair and a common external screen in the form of a mesh;
- Foil shielded twisted pair(S/FTP - Screened Foiled twisted pair) - an external screen made of copper braid and each pair in a foil braid;
- Unprotected shielded twisted pair(SF/UTP - Screened Foiled Unshielded twisted pair) - double external shield made of copper braid and foil, each twisted pair without protection.
Crimping twisted pair with a screwdriver
Crimp network cable It is possible without a crimper. If you don’t have a special tool at hand, you can use a regular flat-head screwdriver.
You can really crimp it reliably with a screwdriver - there’s nothing complicated here, the main thing is to properly align the wires in advance so that they fit evenly and stay in the connector, and then carefully press the metal plates with a screwdriver, turning them over and placing the connector on a flat surface. You will clearly feel that the pressure is enough - the braid is broken and the wire is securely fixed. You need to press with the tool until the latch stops protruding beyond the edges of the connector. Only in this case will the electrical wire be securely fixed and secured.
Video - how to crimp correctly without tools
Technology of cable routing in the socket
Pinout of an RJ45 socket does not require any specialized equipment; you only need one tool - nail scissors or a small knife with a thin blade. Here is the sequence of actions:
- The top layer of the winding is cut off. The cut length is about 10 cm for ease of wiring.
- The twists of all pairs are unwound and the wires are aligned so that from the base of the top layer to the tips of the wires they do not intersect.
- Any socket has two color markings. “A” — cross connection, “B” — standard connection. According to the last marking, the RJ45 pinout is carried out.
- Having attached the base of the braid to the board, first the cores are inserted into the far connectors. Be sure to check the cable tension so that the distance from the braid to the clamp does not exceed 3 cm.
- Having secured the cable cores in the required connectors, crimping is performed. Holding the nail scissors so that the angle of the cutting guides is 45 degrees, you need to press on the core from above until you hear a characteristic metal click.
When installing a power outlet on a wall, the connectors should always face down. This protects the contacts from becoming clogged with dust and moisture, and when you quickly connect the cable from below, there is less chance of accidentally knocking down the socket on the wall.
Reduced Internet or network speed
If the cable is cheap and very long, then, as a rule, it is rarely possible to increase the speed with this option by more than 10 megabits in practice - the system itself will lower it by switching to the only possible stable option. An even lower speed is possible because the connectors were poorly crimped - the contact plates did not clearly penetrate the wire braid.
I decided to drop the cable from the router to the computer. I bought cable channels three years ago, but I just got around to them :). I don’t remember the last time I crimped an RJ-45, I remembered it, I thought a lot. I'm sharing.
What do we need?
Select a cable and lay it
Measure from point A to B how much cable you need. Immediately figure out how it will go in the cable channel or be attached to the walls. Perhaps you are going to hide it under the baseboard. Before laying it is advisable to ring the cable :).
Before the “crimping” operation, the cable must already be laid, leaving an adequate margin at the ends. For example, it would be desirable that a computer with a cable connected could be pulled out of a niche, unfolded, and some kind of maintenance performed system unit without the need to disconnect wires.
Cables for laying the network are used with 2 and 4 twisted pairs wires Any of them will suit you, but 4-wire (with only 2 pairs) will allow you to connect only at speeds of up to 100 Mbit. Such a cable is cheaper, easier to crimp, and often higher speed is not required.
Please note that each pair of cores is marked with its own color. For example, an orange wire is intertwined with a white-orange one. Each pair is absolutely no different from the other, except for the color of the insulation. Wire connection and crimping diagrams always specify the colors of the wires, but in fact, if you swap two pairs, everything will work exactly the same.
RJ-45 connectors
Through the transparent body of the connector, 8 gold-plated contacts are visible. The numbering of contacts from 1 to 8 is shown in the picture.
For crimping we only need a pair of these connectors. But it never hurts to take a few in reserve. :)
Crimping pliers
The figure shows three typical operations that crimping pliers can perform.
Stripping the overall cable insulation. The knives (1) do not close completely, and the wire can be rested against a special strip. The bar will allow you to measure the optimal cable length (about 1.5 cm). When removing the insulation, the end of the cable can be turned, then the knives will cut off the protective layer in a circle.
Crimping RJ-45 connector. Pincers (2) are used at the very end, when the conductors are passed into the desired tubules. The serrated edge presses the contact blades into the conductors, and a special protrusion snaps the RJ-45 wire retainer into place.
Knife. The 3rd type crimping element is usually used for straightening conductors and cutting cables. This knife completely touches the opposite edge, working like a wire cutter.
What are we connecting?
There are two types of connections, so we need to figure out what we will connect. The most common case is when we connect a computer to some kind of switching device - a router, a switch, a switch... A direct connection scheme (workstation - hub) is suitable here.
Direct connection diagram
You need to make exactly the same cable crimp on both ends according to this diagram. Choose a picture for your case - 8 or 4 wires in the cable.
The color order of the pairs is shown as an example. Instead of the orange pair, you can connect, for example, a green pair to pins 1 and 2. But both connectors must be routed equally at the ends of the wire.
Cross cable layout
The second case is the connection of two hubs or two workstations. In this circuit, you need the orange and green pairs at the ends of the wire to swap places.
