“... I saw and see my task as a writer to ensure that everyone
what I wrote and will write, to bow to this working people,
to the builder people, the hero people who did not attack anyone,
but he always knew how to defend with dignity what he created..."
M.A. Sholokhov (From the speech after receiving the Nobel Prize)
The life and everyday life of the Cossacks are known and unknown pages in the history of Russia. Historians and statesmen, poets and generals, famous writers such as Leo Tolstoy and unknown journalists wrote about the Cossacks... Among the stellar galaxy of Cossacks, the most popular are the daring atamans Ermak Timofeevich and Stepan Razin, Kondraty Bulavin and Emelyan Pugachev, who covered themselves with unfading military fame Naum Vasiliev and Frol Minaev, famous statesmen generals Matvey Platov and Alexey Kaledin and many, many others. But only one name illuminates this brightest galaxy. The name of a person with whom the concept of Don Cossacks is associated throughout the world. This is the author of “Quiet Don” Mikhail Sholokhov.
M. A. Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don” entered the history of Russian and world literature as a bright, significant work that reveals the tragedy of the Don Cossacks during the years of the revolution and civil war. The epic covers a whole decade - from 1912 to 1922. The beginning of the novel does not yet foreshadow the coming storms and upheavals. The majestic, quiet Don calmly carries its waters, the azure steppe shimmers with multi-colored colors. The life of the Cossack farm of Tatarsky flows peacefully and calmly, interrupted only by rumors about the daring affair of the married Cossack woman Aksinya Astakhova with Grishka Melekhov. A passionate, all-consuming feeling comes into conflict with the moral principles of Cossack antiquity. That is, already at the beginning of the novel we see a request for original, bright characters, complex and subtle relationships between the heroes, and their difficult destinies. It was in Gregory and Aksinya that the characteristic typical features of the Cossacks, who had gone through a long and painful path of quest and mistakes, insights and losses, were most fully and deeply expressed.
A detailed depiction of everyday life, a loving description of Don nature, which is perceived as a full-fledged protagonist of the novel, apt figurative speech sparkling with humor, allow the reader to feel the peculiar charm of the Cossack way of life, to understand the essence of those traditions that have determined the life of a Cossack from time immemorial. This is loyalty to the military duty of protecting the fatherland from the enemy and peaceful peasant labor until the seventh sweat, giving the farmer the opportunity to strengthen his farm, get married, raise children who will go through the same clearly defined circle of life.
And there is no point in retelling a work that has sold millions of copies around the world. From the height of the past, one can give a critical assessment of this work, but there is no higher assessment of it than the recognition by living participants of those distant events. It is known for certain that this book literally shook the hearts and minds of the participants and witnesses of the events described in the work. “The novel by M. Sholokhov,” wrote former commander of the rebel troops Pavel Kudinov, who emigrated to Bulgaria, “is a great creation of the truly Russian spirit and heart... I read “Quiet Don” avidly, sobbed and grieved over it and rejoiced - how beautiful and in love, everything is described, and he suffered and was executed - what a wormwood-bitter truth... In a foreign land, the Cossacks gathered... and read “Quiet Don” to tears and sang old Don songs... “Quiet Don” shook our souls and made us change our minds all over again, and Our longing for Russia became even sharper, and our heads brightened.” This rating cannot be higher!
In 1965, the Diploma of Nobel Prize laureate Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov stated: “The Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded in recognition of the artistic strength and honesty that he showed in his Don epic about the historical facts of the life of the Russian people.”
Every person with love and excitement picks up any Sholokhov book, preparing to peer and listen to the spellbinding word, as if by witchcraft - some for the first time, some anew to immerse themselves in the huge amazing world of images created by the writer.
“...Dear steppe! A bitter wind settling on the manes of shoaling queens and stallions. The dry snoring of a horse is salty from the wind, and the horse, inhaling the bitter-salty smell, chews with silky lips and neighs, feeling the taste of wind and sun on them.
Dear steppe under the low Don sky! Vilyuzheny gullies of dry valleys, red-clay ravines, expanses of feather grass with a nesting trace of a horse's hoof, mounds, in wise silence preserving the buried Cossack glory...
I bow low and kiss your fresh land like a son, the Don, Cossack steppe, watered with rust-free blood!”
(Mikhail Sholokhov “Quiet Don”).
Sholokhov... How many inspired pages instantly come to life in our memory when we pronounce this name! Pages that depict turning points in the life of our people. Pages telling about human destinies - about Gregory and Aksinya, about the historical paths and crossroads of the Cossacks, about the Putilov mechanic and the Baltic sailor Semyon Davydov, about the communist from the Gremyashchiy Log farm Makar Nagulnov, about torment and pride, about people who during the Great Patriotic War wars fought for the Motherland... The pages from which pictures of nature look into our souls waft the smells of the Don land, its grasses, rain-washed meadows, sun-warmed arable land, the majestic quiet Don... One can rightfully call the author of “Don Stories” the singer of his native land, “Quiet Don”, “Virgin Soil Upturned”, “The Fate of Man”, the novel “They Fought for the Motherland”.
It is impossible to express everything that Mikhail Sholokhov talks about in his works. Just a few books, but what books! His books illuminate with fearlessness, reproach, execute for fatigue, call for struggle... These books are about very real people - strong, courageous, kind, who are close to the concepts of honor, courage, devotion.
The essence of these books lies in the inspired words of Mikhail Sholokhov himself, which are so often remembered when we think about the nature of this great and bright talent: “I would like my books to help people become better, to become purer in soul, to awaken love to man, the desire to actively fight for the ideals of humanism and the progress of mankind. If I succeeded to some extent, I am happy.”
The great Russian writer Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov was born on May 24, 1905 on the Kruzhilin farm of the Cossack village of Veshenskaya Region of the Don Army. The writer's youth fell on tragic years Civil War s in Russia, in which, despite his age, he took part on the side of the Red Army. This fierce struggle and man’s place in it predetermined the theme of his early stories, which were later collected into collections: “Don Stories” and “Azure Steppe”. After the end of the war, Sholokhov began to seriously study literature, living almost constantly in his native village of Veshenskaya.
Since 1925, Sholokhov has been working for 14 years on his main work - the epic novel “Quiet Don”. This epic work about the fate of the Russian Cossacks during the First World War and the Civil War brought Sholokhov world fame and fame. During the years of work on Quiet Don, the writer created another of his major novels, Virgin Soil Upturned (1932), which tells about the turning point in the life of a village in the thirties, about collectivization. During the Great Patriotic War, Sholokhov worked as a war correspondent and began work on the novel “They Fought for the Motherland” and wrote the story “The Fate of a Man.”
In 1965, M.A. Sholokhov won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel “Quiet Don”. Geniuses and talents always have envious people. In the 70s, “famous writers” accused Sholokhov of plagiarism, saying that the real author of “Quiet Don” was the Cossack Fyodor Kryukov, who died in 1920. However, no one has yet been able to prove that Sholokhov used his materials. The conducted historical and literary research fully proves the authorship of Mikhail Sholokhov. Norwegian literary critic G. Hjetso wrote about the problem of Sholokhov’s authorship in relation to the novel “Quiet Don”: “...the accusation brought against Sholokhov can be considered unique: this author is to such an extent a subject of national pride that one can cast a shadow of doubt on its authenticity...” Iliad" of our century means committing an act close to sacrilege."
M.A. Sholokhov died on February 21, 1984 and was buried in his native Don land.
Behind the meager lines of a biography is the life of a Man who lived it with honor and dignity. After all, Sholokhov was only 23 years old when the magazine “October” published the first two books of the novel “Quiet Don” in 1928. And these books caused a real storm among the Cossacks. They read about themselves. True, beautiful and majestic. The Cossacks, trampled and torn to pieces by the Bolsheviks, straightened their shoulders again - but we are Cossacks! And we shouldn’t be ashamed of this, but we should be proud! After all, this work was not just born? It was simply a miracle. And the young Don Cossack Sholokhov, from the very first steps of his literary fame, became not only a “singer”, but also an intercessor of the Cossacks. And his weapon was the word!
The famous Russian writer N.S. Sergeev-Tsensky wrote about Sholokhov: “...In his works we see diamond deposits of Russian speech. Not found in dictionaries, not stolen from dusty tomes, but taken by the writer from the very master of the language - from the people - that’s what this word is!”
With the entire content of his literary works, M. Sholokhov debunked the traditional idea of the Cossacks as a homogeneous mass, as a reactionary force on which the autocracy relied, suppressing outbreaks of the popular movement. He showed that the Cossacks were never homogeneous - they were workers who, through labor and sweat, earned their daily piece of bread.
The Cossacks are revealed in the works in many ways - in everyday life in the family, in work, in the relationship between the individual and society and, finally, in participation in historical events.
Cossacks love to work and love nature. Cossack women work especially hard. They are faithful assistants to their husbands in the most difficult peasant work: they nurse children, run the household, sew clothes and knit socks and scarves. Sholokhov's heroines are always at work.
Depicting the life of the Cossacks, their way of life, Sholokhov is able to highlight through individual scenes the most typical, most characteristic of the Cossacks.
What kind of courage and boldness it was necessary to have to show terrible pictures of mass death on the battlefields, how the Cossacks were hastily shot in Vyoshenskaya, how kurens and entire villages were burned out and destroyed by the ironclad order of the chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic, Leon Trotsky. Sentences without trial or investigation, without calling witnesses, menacing orders on requisitions, indiscriminate indemnities, consolidation of villages for settlers, orders to disperse the Cossacks, all sorts of new administrative divisions - this is what fell on the heads of not only counter-revolutionaries, but also Cossacks friendly to the Bolsheviks who defected from Krasnov or remained neutral. Gross interference in everyday traditions began. And here Sholokhov’s heroism manifested itself even in the fact that while showing the uprising in Vyoshenskaya, he described the struggle of the white rebels against Soviet power, and not the struggle of the Soviet government with the white rebels.
Sholokhov, by his own admission, deliberately softened the description of the atrocities, but his position is obvious: there is no justification for those bloody actions that were committed in the name of the working class and peasantry. This was and will forever remain a grave crime against the people, against the Cossacks.
The main work of M. A. Sholokhov, the novel “Quiet Don,” takes us back to the tragic pages of our history, making us realize again and again the simple truth that the highest meaning of human existence is creative work, caring for children and, of course, love that warms souls and hearts of people, bringing the light of mercy, beauty, humanity into the world. And nothing can destroy these eternal universal values.
Mikhail Aleksandrovich’s pen contains the most inspired pages about the Cossack region, the history, life and traditions of the people living in our beautiful, remote places. Sholokhov's works amaze with their epic scope and authenticity of the events described.
We carefully and reverently preserve the writer’s legacy. His creativity, attitude towards the world and people, every detail of his long and eventful life will always be interesting and dear to us. Works by M.A. Sholokhov are immortal, an age-old covenant lives in them - love for the Fatherland, attention to the fate of man, concern for the prosperity of the native land. And Sholokhov’s thought runs like a red thread through them that he, in the words of A.S. Pushkin, “for nothing in the world would I want to change the Fatherland or have a different history than the one God gave it to us.”
The book “Quiet Don” will reach our descendants and the name Mikhail Sholokhov will forever be inscribed on its cover.
"GLORY IS THE DON FOR BRAVERY"
Evening meeting
/Music sounds in the hall/
Librarian:Good afternoon dear guests! Dear friends! We live with you in the Don region, rich in glorious traditions and people.
Our region is beautiful. Our fellow countryman and writer M.A. wrote about him so excitedly. Sholokhov: “Native steppe under the low Don sky! Vilyuzhina beams, dry valleys, red-clay ravines, a feather-grass expanse with a haunted nesting trace of a horse’s hoof, mounds, in wise silence preserving the buried Cossack glory... I bow low and kiss your fresh land like a son, the Don steppe, watered with stainless Cossack blood.”
And today we will get acquainted with another page in the history of the Don region - the life and way of life of the Don Cossacks. We will learn about the origins of the Don Cossacks, about the rights and customs of these heroic people, and get acquainted with their folklore. So, we invite you to Cossack gatherings. At our celebration there are: Lipovich Gennady Arievich - centurion, chairman of the Council of Old People of the Azovskaya village. Galchuk Sergey Grigorievich - Poedesaul, officer for special assignments under the ataman.
1 student:
On the heap, in the light
Or on some logs
There were gatherings
Old and young.
Did you sit by the torch?
Or under the bright sky -
They talked, they sang songs,
Yes, they did a round dance.
We treated ourselves to good tea
With honey, obviously without sweets.
As we do now, we communicated -
There is no life without communication.
2nd student:
How did you play? On the burners!
Ah, the burners are good.
In a word, these gatherings
They were a celebration of the soul.
The life of people is marked by a century.
The old world has changed.
Nowadays we are all screwed
Personal dachas, own apartments.
Our leisure time is sometimes shallow,
And what can I say?
It's boring to live without gatherings,
They should be revived.
3rd student:
If you are at ease
And they didn’t come to us for an hour,
We offer gatherings
Spend it here right now,
The fire of the soul does not go out.
Grandfathers' sincere leisure!
Rest is not trifles -
Time for games and news.
Let's start the gatherings!
We are opening gatherings!
For friends and guests!
Improvised upper room. Children in Cossack costumes take seats in the “hut”
A Cossack and a Cossack woman enter with a loaf on a towel
Cossack:
We welcome good guests
A round, lush loaf.
It's on a painted platter
With a snow-white towel.
We bring you a loaf of bread,
As we worship, we ask you to taste.
Cossack woman: The tradition is alive.
Alive - from the older generation.
Rituals and words are important
From our past.
And therefore, if you please, accept
That. who came to the gathering,
On this festive plate
From our hands both bread and salt!
They make the rounds of the guests and treat them to a loaf of bread.
Cossack:
Drolya, accordionist, magician,
In the ranks at the evening party.
Song, good Russian song
I give you my first word.
The recording of the song “Cossack” sounds in Spanish. A. Rosenbaum.
Student:
And we find beauty in the old.
At least we belong for a while.
Student:
Russia is mother! Praise be to you! .
Over the centuries you have seen a lot.
Whenever you could speak,
You could tell me a lot.
Student:
From my father's threshold,
From the cherished home,
The path winds and winds,
Golden track.
Student:
The path winds and winds, the road
Past the meadow, past the ravine,
Past villages and towns
More than a thousand years...
Old Cossack:Yes, our roots go deep into the past. The Cossacks came to the Don a very long time ago. Amazing lands, untouched, deserted, dense forests and wide steppes. You won’t meet a single person, but there are a great many animals and birds.
Librarian:This is how Volgograd writer and local historian B.S. poetically paints a picture of that time. Lashchilin: “In the spring, the steppe was overgrown with tall, dense grasses. The emerald carpet was speckled with scarlet, blue, soft blue, violet and golden-yellow flowers. Feather grass shone silver in the sun. In the sky, where cumulus clouds floated in fantastical formations, eagles and kites circled Herds of saigas grazed in the open air of the steppe.
On the Don and its tributaries - Donets, Khopra and Medveditsa - snow-white swans lived and nested. Near the lakes, wild boars dug through the reeds, disturbing and frightening the ducks, lapwings, herons and countless waders who lived there. In the floodplains, age-old dense forests stood as impenetrable thickets. There was complete freedom for animals and birds here. Wolves, foxes and bears roamed in the dense thickets, hunting for prey. In the fall, squirrels scurried across the nets all day long.”
Old Cossack: It was to this paradise that freedom-loving people fled from the oppression of the landowners. And Don accepted everyone, and found a place for everyone. The Cossacks settled in the steppe, the very battlefield. They built their own towns and erected poor wicker huts so that they would not feel sorry to abandon them in case of failure. The town is surrounded by a palisade and a wattle fence intertwined with thorny thorn branches. At that time, the Cossacks did not plow the land, did not sow grain, but lived by booty. When there were no military campaigns, they engaged in hunting and fishing.
Librarian:But the Cossacks had to defend their right to life in an environment of constant enemy raids. The military organization of life also shaped the morals of the Cossacks. Cowards were not tolerated! Bravery was recognized as the highest virtue. Cossack proverbs and sayings speak about this this way: On the Don, the proverb is not said out of idleness. There is no translation for the Cossack family. Cossack with a horse both night and day. A Cossack would rather die than leave his native land. Cossack courage will cut down any fortress. And there is only one warrior in the field, if he is cut like a Cossack. It’s better to lay down your head and not lose your Cossack honor.
Demonstration of the slide presentation “Life, traditions and family rituals on the Don”
Speech by Cossack Lipovich Gennady Arievich
The song in the recording "Sotnik" in Spanish. M. Zvezdinsky.
Librarian:The Don Cossacks have many customs and rituals. This applied to field work, family life, the birth of a child, and the Cossacks also had many superstitions and beliefs. Well, we’ll tell you about at least some of them at the gatherings. Here, for example, are the following signs:
When a tooth falls out in childhood, when they expect a new one to grow, they throw it into the attic, saying: “Mouse, mouse, you’re wearing a bone one, give me an iron one.”
To give a knife to another with its blade means to think evil to that person.
Cossacks jealously preserve their traditions and customs. In the Cossack family, not only the elderly, but also women enjoyed a special position, respect and veneration. They were protected and their honor and dignity were protected. The interests of the Cossack woman were defended first by her father and brother, and then by her husband and sons.
Word to Cossack Galchuk Sergei Grigorievich.
Cossack woman:Cossack women wore sundress suits, skirts and jackets (“kokhtotka”), sewn from calico, wool and silk fabric. They also wore an underskirt (“spidnitsa”). An integral part of the costume was an apron (apron), sewn from half-calico (fabric made from cotton and linen threads) with a printed floral pattern. The cufflink is sewn from two panels. At the waist, the lower panel is gathered and folded. On the feet are ankle boots. On the hands are gold and silver rings. The costume of a married woman was complemented by a headdress - half shawls (small shawl) made of silk printed fabric.
As decoration, Cossack women wore amber beads (monists) under the neck.
Sundresses made of chintz were sewn for girls and young women. The girl's sundress costume was distinguished by her headdress and hairstyle: braided braids were decorated with ribbons, and a crown or hoop could be placed on her head.
Cossack:In the house, the Cossack puts his hat in a prominent place, under the icon, this means that the Cossack family is under the protection of God and the community.
A checker or saber is a symbol of the full rights of a Cossack. It was awarded at the age of 17 and gave the right to own a land share. In the church, the saber was half drawn, which meant the Cossack’s readiness to defend the faith. The saber was passed down in the family by inheritance, but if there were no heirs left in the family, the saber was broken and placed in the coffin of the deceased Cossack. The whip is the same symbol of power as the saber. Only a married Cossack had the right to wear it; it was given at the wedding by the bride’s father, and then, as a sign of the husband’s power in the family, it hung in the hut near the bedroom door.
A recording of the song “dawn before the battle” is played in Spanish. V. Vasilyeva.
Cossack:Cossacks often wore ring-shaped earrings. The earring signified the role and place of the Cossack in the family. The only Cossack in the family wore one earring in his left ear, and the only son of his parents wore two earrings in both ears. The commander, when moving to the right or left, saw which of the Cossacks needed to be protected in battle. often such guys were not sent to pickets and were not allowed into battle in the front ranks or into the attack. (read an excerpt from V. Khodarev’s poem “Cossack Love”).
Cossack woman:A woman did not have the right to sit with the Cossacks; only an elderly woman was allowed to do so. Among the Cossacks, women (in Cossacks - a woman) were not allowed to attend either the Circle or the Gathering at all. The entire Don region was plowed from top to bottom. She plowed, sowed, reaped, knitted sheaves, threshed. The grain was ground, the bread was baked - all this was mainly done by a woman - a black-browed, dignified Don Cossack, because a Cossack spent almost his entire life on the campaign trail, in the service. Women work in the fields, and the Cossacks, armed, only guard them. The Cossack always served for the Faith. Tsar and Fatherland, and the Cossack woman raised children and created family comfort. “A Cossack fights in a foreign land, but his wife grieves at home” (military burdens also fall on the family), “village residents equip a Cossack for the army, and see him off to his grave” (Cossack service is full of real danger).
Old Cossack:The Cossack was born a warrior. The family called him not a boy, but a Cossack son. Friends and relatives brought only military gifts to the newborn: a cartridge, an arrow, a bow, a bullet; grandfather gave a saber or a gun. The saber was preserved from generation to generation, passed from father to son, then to grandson. It was decorated with gold or silver, hung under images, and given a place of honor.
Three-year-old Cossacks were already riding around the yard, and five-year-olds were galloping, leading the horse to the herd.
From the age of 17, a Cossack was called a youngster. Horse racing began, shooting at a target while galloping, chopping - i.e. military training.
At the age of 19, he took the oath of allegiance to service.
At the age of 21, he was enlisted in the military field category for 15 years. For all 15 years, he was obliged to stand in the stirrup at any moment and meet the enemy with weapons in his hands. For part of his term he served in “conscript” service, i.e. away from home. Sometimes there was 1 service of 4-5 years without leave. In order for the Cossacks to be constantly ready, summer and winter training camps, weapons reviews, and exercises were held annually.
Only at the age of 61 did a Cossack quit “outright”. He was exempt from all military duties. But the old men, accustomed to military discipline and self-denial, considered themselves “servicemen” even in these advanced years. They did not remove the cockades from their caps and caps - a sign of service - and formed a council of old men who helped the Ataman manage the village.
Cossack:At the birth of a son in Cossack families, he enjoyed authority equal to that of his parents. In the event of the death of parents, the eldest son of the “bolshak” was entrusted with the responsibility of raising his younger brothers and sisters. The father's kuren (house) always went to the youngest son "menshak", whose responsibilities included maintenance and guardianship until the death of his parents.
Librarian:To this day, in Cossack villages and farmsteads, elements of life characteristic of the 16th-18th centuries are preserved. In the hut, in the “red corner” there was always an icon hanging. The upper rooms were decorated with napkins, tablecloths, and embroidered by Cossack hands. On the table there were always earthenware and wooden dishes, a loaf of bread, and salt - a symbol of wealth and prosperity. The windows were decorated with curtains, and the baby's cradle was also covered with a lace canopy. The floor in the hut was covered with woven runners, they were called “rug”.
The life of the Cossacks changes along with how life around us changes. Nowadays you rarely see a Cossack on horseback, Cossack women go to work, there are almost no families left with 7-8 children. But few people know that in several villages of the Stavropol Territory, Cossack life is preserved almost in its original form. Here people live as they did 200 years ago; they are called Nekrasov Cossacks. After 1917, under the leadership of their Cossack ataman Nekrasov, a large community left Russia for Turkey, where they found a second homeland, and only in the 70s XX century, they were able to return to the USSR, settling in the village of Novokumsky, Levokumsky district, and several farms.
Nekrasov Cossacks are Old Believers, that is, they cross themselves with two fingers and observe special religious customs. Their men do not shave their beards from the moment of marriage, and married women wear headscarves and never show their hair. Even the speech of the Nekrasovites differs from modern colloquial speech: they “okay” and “yak”, use special words that are not understandable to us. Unfortunately, old people pass away, and young people from Nekrasov families do not want to live in the old way and forget the language of their ancestors. To prevent ancient traditions from dying out completely, the folklore of the Nekrasovites is carefully collected by Stavropol philologists and stored in records on modern media as an invaluable asset of our culture.
Librarian:At all times, among all peoples, a good song reflects the most secret thoughts and thoughts. From time immemorial, the Don region has been considered a land of songs. Songs were sung after work, in the evenings, in the field and during walks, and on farewells to the army, on military campaigns; there was always a good songwriter among the Cossacks. Such people were usually respected and loved, and they tried to protect them during campaigns.
ABOUTIn their songs, the Cossacks said this in their proverbs: A Cossack without songs is like a vine without grapes. On the Don, even a pebble sings along with a Cossack. Cheerful are the choruses where the Cossacks sang.
The recording of the song “Eh, Cossacks” sounds in Spanish. D. Donskoy.
Librarian:Until now, the Cossack language is a special dialect, a mixture of Ukrainian and Russian. This language is integral part Southern Great Russian dialect. Cossack folklore is interesting and original. Since time immemorial, traditional Cossack songs, games and entertainment have been preserved and survived to this day. To an unaccustomed listener it will seem that the Cossacks are singing Ukrainian songs, but this is not so. Siberian and Ural Cossacks often use the Russian literary language for their folklore.
The song “Oh, it’s not evening...” plays.
Great songs deserve special attention. They were performed at weddings, name days, funerals, and when seeing off a Cossack to the army. One of them, composed by the Terek Cossacks, will sound now.
The song “Yes, a tree is blooming in the garden...” plays.
Librarian:At gatherings, everyone tried to show off their intelligence, and sometimes real competitions took place. Or maybe at our gatherings, arrange some kind of competition? Let's try. Now I will tell you the old Cossack words, and if you know their modern name, call it:
Opened (opened), chuvyaki (slippers), ill (sick), weak (weak), tsibarka (bucket) gutarit (talk), kochet (rooster), oshkarabat (scratch), dad (father), let him (let him), have dinner (to have dinner), curtain (apron), bedova (nimble), moget (may), loaf (bun), bread (liquid food), base (barn), hut (house).
Everyone knows the lines of A.S. Pushkin “Near Lukomorye there is a green oak...”. Where is Lukomorye located? (Lukomorye is the ancient name of the Taganrog Bay; its northern coastal part really resembles a curved bow in its outline.
We can observe the life and life of the Cossacks in folk proverbs: Without corners, a kuren is not built, without a proverb, speech is not said. One of the proverbs is written on the board as an epigraph to our matinee. What proverbs and sayings of the Don people do you know?
A Cossack without a horse is an orphan.
And the sword is sharp, and the spirit is stronger.
Where there is a Cossack, there is glory.
Don’t boast when you’re getting ready to go on a hike, but rather boast when you’re on your way.
With a good song the path is shorter, life is sweeter, and death is easier.
The Don is quiet, but its fame is loud.
A Cossack without friends is like an oak without roots. Etc.)
Librarian: announces a tournament of floorboard experts: What proverbs and sayings do you know related to Cossack prowess? A creative group comes on stage and works with the audience, who either name proverbs or explain them.
Either his chest is covered in crosses, or his head is in the bushes (I decided to act)
A Cossack would rather die than leave his native land (he fights for his native land to the end)
Anyone who is afraid of a bullet is not fit to be a Cossack (a Cossack cannot be a coward in danger)
The Don Cossack will not abandon his honor, even if his little head perishes (honor is more valuable to him than life)
With your foot in the stirrup - part with your head (you may not return from service)
Gaitan on the neck, and a hat on the side - death is not coming soon (faith and strength are what gives the Cossack hope)
RIDDLES OF THE DON RESIDENTS:
Strong, ringing and sharpened.
Whomever he kisses, he's off his feet, (saber).
He rides on someone else's back, carries a load on his own, (saddle).
The shoulder straps are yellow, the checkers are sharp,
The peaks are long, the horses are greyhounds,
They ride through the fields singing
Seek honor for the king and glory for yourself! (Cossacks).
I lay in the sun, but ran away all over the place (snow in spring).
Not a Cossack, but with a mustache; about four legs, not a horse. (cat).
The Cossacks came without axes, cut down the hut without corners (ants).
A shaggy Cossack, wearing a sash in the middle, walks around the yard, putting things in order, (broom).
Curvy carried the two brothers to the Don to swim.
While the brothers are bathing, the crooked one is lying around idle (buckets and rocker).
Cossack woman:
One two three four five, -
We're going to play.
One of the most favorite children's games was the game "Kite". Children choose “kite” and “hen”, the rest “chickens”. The choice is made using counting rhymes:
Cossack:
Came from afar
From high, high,
He went down to the base,
To catch chickens from us.
Aty-baty, aty-ty,
This kite will be you!
Cossack woman:Chicks-babies to the base
They ran away without a hen.
To help the grief,
You know, you should be a hen!
(Game conditions)
The front player is the “mother hen”; the rest line up behind the “mother hen”, holding the waist of the one in front. "Kite" digs a hole. The “mother hen” walks around the “kite” (and the chickens follow her) and sings:
I walk around the kite,
I carry three pieces of money:
For a penny, for a little bit...
"Kite" stops digging. He stomps around the hole, crouches, flaps his arms like wings. A dialogue takes place:
Kite, kite, what are you doing?
I'm digging a hole. I'm looking for a pretty penny.
What do you need a penny for?
Buy a needle, sew a bag, put some pebbles. To throw at your children so thatthen catch them.
For what?
So that they don’t climb into my garden!
And you make the fence higher. If not, then catch it!
The “kite” tries to catch the “chickens”, and the “hen” tries to block his path. The “chicks” follow the “hen” and move in a chain, dodging the “kite”. The “mother hen” tries to always face the “kite” and shouts: “Shoo!” She waves her arms, but she cannot grab the kite. The game continues until the “kite” catches all the “chickens”. When a break occurs, the “chickens” try to immediately restore the chain.
Librarian: What other games of the Don Cossacks do you know? (“Buckles”, “Burners”, “Leapfrog”, “Colours”, “Gypsy”..) Games of a competitive nature were also held: for dexterity, strength, ingenuity.
Cossack:
It's time to rest
And now without preparation
The game begins
"Who is the smartest today?"
Game - competition “throw a horseshoe” (throw rings on a rod)
Librarian:Girls at get-togethers and parties did not sit idle. While talking and singing, they sewed, knitted, and spun yarn.
Cossack woman:
Come closer, spinners,
Throw yarn into shirts.
The one who spins the longest thread,
There's a gift waiting for him.
Game for girls “Wind the thread on the spindle”
Librarian: And the children gathered around the grandmother. They listen in fascination to grandmother's tales. Let's listen too.
A GIRL IN A GRANDMOTHER'S COSTUME TELLS THE TALE "THE COSSACK AND THE FOX" ("Native Land" reading book. pp. 47-48.)
Cossack:
To please your soul
And leave a mark on your soul,
I suggest you sing ditties,
There are no better songs than these.
GIRLS PERFORM DITTS:
1. Eh, stomp your foot, stomp your right one,
I’ll go dance, even if I’m small.
I'll go dance on the straw,
Get out of the way, people!
2. Wider circle, wider circle
Make the circle wider.
I'm not going to dance alone,
There are four of us coming.
3. I didn’t want to dance
I stood and was shy,
And the harmonica began to play,
I couldn't resist.
4. And in our yard
The frogs croaked
And I'm off the stove with a shoe,
I thought they were girlfriends.
5. I walked through the village
And I saw Vanyushka -
He sat under a bush and cried:
The chicken offended me.
6. I danced with three legs,
Lost my boots
Looked back:
My boots are lying there.
7. A hedgehog sits on a birch tree -
White shirt.
There's a boot on the head,
There is a cap on the leg.
8. If there were no water,
There wouldn't even be a mug.
If there were no girls,
Who would sing ditties?
Librarian:Cossacks have always been distinguished not only by their courage, but also by their wit and fun.
Cossack woman:
Tales in faces
They sit in the bright rooms, "
Yes, they create ridicule.
Want to know which ones?
And here they are...
Jokes - dialogues:
1. (Mistress and Fedul):
Fedul, why are you pouting your lips?
The caftan is burned through.
Can I sew it up?
Yes, there is no needle.
How big is the hole?
One gate remains.
2. (Mistress and Thomas):
Foma, why aren’t you coming out of the forest?
Yes, I caught a bear!
So bring it here!
He's not coming!
So go yourself!
He won't let me in!
3. (Mistress and son):
Son, go to the river for some water!
My belly hurts!
Son, go eat some porridge!
Well, since mother says, we must go!
Where's my big spoon?
Result:
(montage in verse)
Student:
The sky feels like whitewash
The milky way lit up
The gatherings have died down
In our festive light.
Where we had to rest.
Student:
Days of communication are milestones of happiness,
Everyone is happy to have a get-together.
Time for business, but people are happy to have fun.
Student:
We shared news
We tried to entertain you.
We say goodbye to our guests,
Saying: see you again!
Student:
It won't go out, it won't go out,
If you are not dumb, not deaf,
The brightest, the clearest
Russian spirit of gatherings.
Student:
Gatherings, parties,
Stars in festive heights
These are Russian pictures
Our life in Rus'.
Student:
Life is like this, not different,
Not overseas, foreign,
This is our side.
Remembering everything that happened
Let the native country live
Very Russian, earthy,
The best country in the world!
Librarian:
In my Don side
I breathe wormwood at sunrise.
I don’t know about anyone, but to me
Don water is sweeter than honey.
I don't know about anyone else, but I
All hearing, all greedy attention,
When I hear the nightingale
Sublime rejoicing.
The autumn forest is quiet, silent,
Showers rustled over the steppe,
But the nightingale's whistle and click
They sound like a wondrous melody in the soul.
The skies became a little sad,
There are few bright colors in nature,
But it pleases my eyes
Cast brush of scarlet viburnum.
Let the poplars fly around,
I repeat the springs near the steppe:
"Blessed be the earth,
Where I happened to be born!”
And ending our gatherings, I would like to draw your attention to books about the Cossacks. (Review - presentation of books about the Cossacks).
Librarian:Thanks to everyone for participating in our gatherings. See you again!
Prepared by Mishakhina L.A., Turunina I.N.
89 Kib.
1.61 Kib.
4.76 Kib.
238.67 Kib.
45.5 Kib.
393.9 Kib.
26.18 Kib.
7.5 Kib.
248.56 Kib.
5.59 Kib.
4.79 Kib.
98 Kib.
47.5 Kib.
1174 Kib.
Show all linked files
| Nowhere, probably, does the earth smell as pungently as in the Rostov region. The steppe, the endless steppe, stretches to the horizon. Faded grass and the subtle aroma of blooming steppe flowers. We often stop to breathe in these different smells. And again the road leads us through the steppe, with housing scattered here and there. And suddenly... the landscape changes completely, becomes special, elusive, changeable, fluid, like hot desert sand. And in front of us stretches among the native steppe under the low Don sky - Oyster - truly the pearl of the Don. | Dear steppe!.. I bow low and kiss you like a son your fresh land, Don, Cossack, The steppe is watered with non-rusting blood! M.A. Sholokhov. |
Photojournalist Ananchenko Sergey Leonidovich
Travel notes Zakharova Maria Andreevna
Who said that the sign of our time is the complete absence of a hero? Here we are before you - the heroes of this time.
(22 is me and my friends and peers.) We are all students of Peskovskaya secondary school No. 1
5 is our older generation, our guides and mentors in this life.
Instead of a preface.
Every decent essay has a preface in which the author explains the purpose of his essay. Please accept these 6 points instead of the preface. At the end of June, after exams and the graduation party, our school, small, cozy, Peskovskaya No. 1, the main general education school, did not at all look like an old woman who had calmed down after hard work. Everything in her rattled, fussed, and moved. We were going on a real voyage to the Rostov region.
| The school director lined up 22 young children in one line, adding 5 accompanying adults. His speech was laconic and convincing. |  | Top secret: Bashkanov V.A. sings beautifully, plays the guitar, dances, and most importantly, as a student at VSPI, he worked as a counselor in Artek, and remained an Artek counselor for the rest of his life. |
Why did we go to Vyoshenskaya Stanitsa?
Oyster is the birthplace of Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov, the author of “The Quiet Don” - the creator of the great artistic epic of the 20th century - the modern analogue of “War and Peace”.
We are united by the Khoper River, on which we live, and it flows into the Don River, not far from Vyoshenka. It was there that M.A. Sholokhov’s favorite fishing spot was.
Oyster mushroom is the pearl of the Middle Don. This is the center of the Cossacks, undeservedly forgotten in the twentieth century. The fate of the Cossacks is tragic.
In our village there is a Cossack song ensemble “Quiet Don”. Interest in the culture of the Cossacks is close to us.
Combining recreation, health improvement with the possibility of aesthetic, patriotic, physical education - it’s better not to think of it.
You, the young generation, and the future of Russia is entrusted to you. Oyster mushroom is our spiritual values, and the impressions of the trip will last a lifetime.
There is no bond more sacred than brotherhood...
To be honest, I liked point 6: “Impressions for life.” Time passed: the impressions remained, and I really wanted to talk about my friends and how we saw Oyster.
It may seem to you that we are different from others. Don’t rush to judge: we are the new young generation, who want to know everything, comprehend it with their minds, touch it with their hands and remember it for the rest of their lives.
Time is unstoppable, but great art is given the opportunity to preserve moments, and in the work of Mikhail Sholokhov, in the incomparable verbal painting, the unbearable intensity of tragic situations, and bright lyrical insight, and the entire - to complete crystal clarity - the fate of man are recreated and preserved for generations in pristine reality, and the slow implementation of social changes, and the explosive processes of the period of wars and revolutions. The Sholokhov epic captures the history of the rapid formation of the new world born of the Great October Revolution, the images of those who, in difficult struggles, “with sweat and blood,” affirmed it. Timeless, these wide panoramic paintings and images with the clarity of monumental creations will forever be visible to the gaze of mankind, just like the stars and the sun, like clouds swollen with moisture and the endless seas of the Earth’s colors.
D 
Everything is interesting for the new generation. We are traveling in new times, moderately sorrowful, moderately tragic and infinitely beautiful.
We have no fear of the future. Today is dear to us, and we look forward to tomorrow with confidence.
Admiration for the richness of the world is what distinguishes the new generation. Our “I” is both in the past and in the future, but we still have to live to see “ourselves”. 
House of M. A. Sholokhov
Don River
At first glance, our world is a world of vast spaces, it contains everything: all animals, plants, utensils, historical realities, natural phenomena.
And at second glance, the world is very tiny, toy-like, but seems huge thanks to a complex system of magic mirrors. This is our worldview.
Instead of an afterword
AND
And our land is beautiful.
And maybe lonely
Among the fiery suns
And rock-bare planets.
And most likely
That we ourselves -
Gods who have not yet grown up,
Living under the healing air
On our green
This was in the summer of 2006. On June 20 we went hiking. And this trip was not like what a class or school usually does in the forest, for one day. It was a real five-day hike, probably the most interesting, fun and, of course, unforgettable. I still remember the feelings that overwhelmed me before the trip. By bus, we, school activists, went to the homeland of the great Russian writer M.A. Sholokhov to the village of Veshenskaya.
We visited many interesting places. We visited the M.A. Museum-Reserve. Sholokhov, where they learned so much about the writer’s life and his hobbies. We were shown Sholokhov's original things, and most importantly, it was amazing that even the cigarette butt that the writer smoked before his death was preserved. Everything was amazing. All things, down to the smallest detail, were preserved after Sholokhov’s death, and now all of this can be seen now. Roses grew in the garden (Mikhail Alexandrovich loved roses) and trees planted by Sholokhov himself were preserved. Excursions were organized, one of them to a 500-year-old oak tree. We also visited the Kruzhilino farm, in the house where M.A. Sholokhov was born. The guides introduced us to many fragments from the life of Sholokhov. We saw a real kuren and got acquainted with the history of the Cossacks. In the farm I bought a book by A.A. Gordeev "The Golden Horde and the origin of the Cossacks." I learned a lot about the village of Veshenskaya. The real hero of his people, M.A. Sholokhov, always took care of his fellow countrymen: he helped, at his own expense, to build a bridge across the Don, to install a water supply system (the villagers have spring water). On the banks of the Don there is a huge monument to the famous heroes of Sholokhov: Grigory and Aksinya. Grateful descendants erected a monument to Sholokhov in the center of the village, and on the mountain, at the highest place, the words “Sholokhov is 100 years old” are laid out with flowers.
Everything was wonderful and exciting on this trip, but for me the most memorable and unusually beautiful was Don himself. It is impossible to convey the feelings that overcome you when you approach its waters. You just need to enter it, and you become stronger, more powerful, bolder, you are overcome by some higher, indescribable feeling. The Don at night is especially beautiful. Almost a year has passed, and I still remember every day, every hour, I remember our every walk, as if it were just yesterday. Don began to mean a lot to me after this trip. He became like family. I really want to visit Veshenka again, visit the Don expanses, and enjoy the Don again, in its waters. I really hope this dream comes true.